Acquired Communicable ImmuneEffects the immune system DeficiencyDepletes the bodies ability to fight off disease SyndromeWide variety of physical problems

AIDS is the final stage (three stage disease) of the life threatening disease caused by HIV

HIV it all starts with the virus HIV it all starts with the virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Attacks Helper T Cells

Retrovirus- changes every time it reproduces The virus attacks and takes over the Helper T cells (CD4 T cell) and May remain dormant for a long time depending on the infected person ’ s immune system Helper T Cell

No one knows how or where HIV originated Strains of HIV may have been dormant for years before evolving, possibly since the 1930 ’ s Most common theory is it evolved from a specific chimpanzee or the Green Monkey. Neither are for sure. First Identified in 1981

Two Types of HIV Different proteins on their surface make them slightly different HIV-1 is the most frequently found strain worldwide and in US HIV-2 has been found primarily in West Africa, although infections have been identified in other areas of the world

1 st stage HIV + Asymptomatic 2 nd stageARC or AIDS related complex 3 rd stage “ AIDS ” or Full Blown AIDS

1 st Stage Asymptomatic Carriers -No symptoms, but are HIV positive -Biggest concern is many of these people don ’ t know they are infected and are spreading it unknowingly

*includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, prenatal, and risk not reported or identified. CDC 2003 United States MaleFemaleTotal

United States & Oregon Statistics States with the highest incidence since New York 155,000, Calf. 128,000, and Florida 90,000, Alaska 530 Oregon - 9,300 with 3,027 Deaths New infections in 2006 in Oregon, which has been steady (in US 43,000) - 4,500 Currently HIV+ people in Oregon

2 nd Stage ARC AIDS Related Complex When the immune system starts to weaken due to a lower helper T cell count Count drops from a normal range of to Symptoms include night sweats, chills,yeast infections of the mouth, chronic diarrhea, body rash and weight loss

3 rd Stage “ AIDS ” Require Two main criteria A person is said to have AIDS if their T cell count drops below 200 or They have acquired one of the (23) OPPORTUNISTIC DISEASES associated with late term infections

Opportunistic Diseases PCP or pneumoncystis Carinii pneumonia Kaposis sarcoma a rare skin cancer Brain dementia Tuberculosis Yeast infections of mouth

Major problems in Underdeveloped Countries Education -knowledge is the key to slowing the disease Money / Treatment: Expensive and most don’t have access to Dr. or $$$ to pay for drugs Language barriers make it difficult Transmission – prostitution is high (or legal)

Transmission or How you get it Exchange of certain body fluids during sex Tiny rips in vagina, anus, mouth or on penis allow entry of virus More likely to spread 1. During anal sex 2. Males to females 3. Multiple partners 4. Prostitution

Sharing Contaminated Needles Intravenous drug use with another person Tattooing with infected instruments Piercing

From mother to baby Infected pregnant female or new mother Exchange of blood during gestation or at time of delivery Breast feeding About 20% of babies get infected if mother is infected (depending on her viral load)

Mother to Baby

High Risk Body Fluids Blood Semen (not the sperm) Vaginal Secretions Breast Milk

Low or no risk behaviors Casual contact -hugging, sharing towels, playing, share forks or cups Kissing- has never been transmitted by kissing Insect bites Blood donation Blood transfusion (since 1985)

Tears Sweat Saliva Urine

Prevention Education Abstinence Monogamy Condoms

What do they look for ? They Look for HIV Antibodies in Blood It usually takes 2 to 6 months for the antibodies to show up in a test Two Test 1.ELISA developed to screen blood supply 2.Western Blot Test -More expensive and accurate

Who should be tested? Everybody ? Not practical Incubation period, cost Most people don ’ t put themselves at risk Unconstitutional Mandatory testing 1. military 2. prisons 3. life insurance 4. medical professionals 5. permanent residence applicants

-There is no cure or vaccine for HIV at the present time. -The only treatment right now is to STOP or SLOW the VIRUS from reproducing

Drugs AZT developed in 1994, help clean up the blood supply Protease Inhibitors –1996 to present –Combination of drugs that are taken to attack the virus at its different stages of development –20 different pills daily

Has shown to increase someone's life Can reduce the virus to where it is undetectable Lowered peoples concern of getting the disease causing a false sense of security Virus mutates and becomes resistant to new drugs Very expensive $15,000/ year