Guiding Principle of Public Safety Cargo being transported on the highway must remain secured on or within the transporting vehicle: –Under all conditions expected to occur in normal driving conditions –When a driver is responding in emergency situations; short of a crash.

Safe Loading § Tailgate, tailboard, doors, tarpaulins, spare tire and other equipment used in its operation, and the means of fastening the commercial motor vehicle's cargo, are secured Cargo is properly distributed and adequately secured

§ Spare Tire

8 Sections of “General Rules” – PLUS

11 Sections of “Cargo Specific Rules” –

Logs Building Products Metal Coils Paper Rolls Cargo Specific Rules

Concrete Pipe Intermodal Containers Autos – Light Trucks Heavy Equipment Cargo Specific Rules

Crushed Cars Roll-Off Containers Boulders Cargo Specific Rules

Rules Apply To Trucks Truck-Tractors Semi Trailers Full Trailers Pole Trailers (a)

Prevent Loss of Load Leaking Spilling Blowing Falling (b)

Prevent Shifting of Load Upon or Within “To such as extent that the vehicle’s stability or maneuverability is adversely affected” (c)

Lightweight cargo may not effect vehicle stability

Heavier cargo may effect vehicle stability

Common Securement Methods

Common Securement Methods Sided Vehicle

Common Securement Methods Secure on & Within

Common Securement Methods Tie-downs

Minimum Performance The means of securing cargo are considered to meet the performance requirements if:  Cargo is immobilized  Fills a sided vehicle / no shifting  Conforms to –

Securement Devices No damage or weakening that adversely effects performance or working load limit No cracks or cuts that adversely effect strength b

Tiedowns and securement devices must not contain knots f1

Chains may not be twisted or knotted f1

Chain links may not be stretched or twisted b

“LapLinks” and welding on chain links is not approved f2

“Missing Links” are not approved for chain repair f2

Bolts are not approved f2

Clevis Splice Okay “Cold Shut” links are not approved for chain repair f2

Grab Hooks must have a parallel throat opening b

No Splicing on Straps f2

CVSA OOS Strap / Cut 4” >3/4” 3” >5/8” 2” >3/8” CVSA OOS Strap / Cut 4” >3/4” 3” >5/8” 2” >3/8” b

Anchor Points No damage or weakening that adversely effects performance or working load limit No cracks or damage that adversely effect strength c

Anchor points on cargo must be strong and free of defects

Factory anchor points should be given priority

Stake pockets may be used. Do you know their strength? Anchor points are not required to be marked with a WLL

Each tiedown must be attached and secured to prevent it from Becoming Loose Unfastening Opening Releasing f3

Tiedowns must be inside of rub rail whenever practicable f4

Tiedowns subject to cutting or abrasion are required to have edge protectors f5

a Applicability This section applies to cargo that has physical structure Cargo that lacks structure – liquids, gases, aggregates, sand, gravel, grain must be transported in an appropriate vehicle and may not leak, blow, fall, or spill.

General Requirements Cargo must be: Firmly immobilized or secured on or within a vehicle by a combination of the following -

Structures of adequate strength Dunnage or dunnage bags Shoring bars Tiedowns General Requirements b

Dunnage bag inside a trailer

Tiedowns inside a trailer

Cargo Secured by Tiedowns

Placement and Restraint Cargo likely to roll must be restrained by securely mounted: Chocks Wedges Cradle Equivalent Means c1

Cradle and Blocking Cargo Capable of Rolling Cargo Capable of Rolling

Multiple Items of Cargo Side by side cargo with transverse tiedowns must be: in Direct contact with each other or Blocked to prevent shifting c2

Transverse Tiedown Direct Cargo Contact Front

Transverse Tiedown Direct Cargo Contact Front

USE WORKING LOAD LIMIT MBS vs WLL MBS vs WLL X

Tiedowns by Weight The minimum number of tiedowns required to secure cargo by weight is determined by the weight of the cargo and the Working Load Limit of the tiedowns used on that cargo d

Total Strength The aggregate Working Load Limit of any securement system must be at least ½ times the weight of the cargo being secured d

Aggregate WLL The aggregate Working Load Limit (WLL) is the sum, or total WLL of all tiedown assemblies used to secure an article of cargo 393.5

Aggregate WLL 6,600 WLL Need 25,000 WLL 26,400 Aggregate WLL 50,000 lb Cargo 3/8” Grade 7 = 6,600 WLL

Working Load Limit The lowest WLL of any component in an assembly is what determines the WLL for that tiedown a

Binder – 5,400 lbs WLL

Chain Marking – Grade 7 3/8” Grade 7 = 6,600 WLL

Hook Marking – Grade 8 3/8” Grade 8 = 7,100 WLL

Anchor points do not require WLL marking Anchor Point - Unmarked

Assembly Rating 3/8 G4 Binder 5,400 WLL 3/8 G7 Chain 6,600 WLL Unmarked Stake Pocket Assembly is rated at 5,400 WLL Lowest WLL 3/8 G8 Hook 7,100 WLL

Minimum by Length In addition to securing cargo by weight, a minimum number of tiedowns may be required by cargo length in

Tiedowns by Length Blocked from Forward Movement Not Blocked from Forward Movement Determine if cargo is: c b

Forward movement prevented by direct contact with: Forward Blocked  Front End Structure  Equivalent Device  Other Blocked Cargo

One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof Blocked

48 Feet = 5 Tiedowns One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

8’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

12’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

4’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

4’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof Direct Contact Dunnage

18’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

Not Blocked  5 feet or less in length  1,100 lbs or less in weight Minimum One Tiedown

5 feet or Less in Length and 1,100 lbs or Less Not Blocked 5’

5 feet or Less in Length and 1,100 lbs or Less Not Blocked

 5 feet or less in length  More than 1,100 lbs weight Minimum Two Tiedowns

5 feet or Less in Length and More than 1,100 lbs Not Blocked 5’

5 feet or Less in Length and More than 1,100 lbs Not Blocked

5’ 5 feet or Less in Length and More than 1,100 lbs Not Blocked

 More than 5 feet to 10 feet or less in length  Regardless of weight Minimum Two Tiedowns

More than 5 feet to 10 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked 8’

More than 5 feet to 10 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

8’ More than 5 feet to 10 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

Minimum Three Tiedowns  More than 10 feet to 20 feet or less in length  Plus, 1 Additional tiedown for every 10 feet beyond 20 feet, or fraction thereof

18’ More than 10 feet to 20 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

18’ More than 10 feet to 20 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

18’ More than 10 feet to 20 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

21’ One Additional for each 10 feet over 20 feet, or fraction thereof Not Blocked

Each tiedown must have it’s own form of adjustment

Front End Structure

Not required, but if used to forward block cargo it must meet size specifications in If cargo is in contact, c will be used to determine minimum tiedowns. Equivalent devices may be used. (there are no size specifications)

Heavy Equipment The rules in this section apply to the transportation of heavy vehicles, equipment and machinery which operate on wheels or tracks, such as front end loaders, bulldozers, tractors, and power shovels and which individually weigh 10,000 lb. or more.

Heavy Equipment (1) Accessory equipment, such as hydraulic shovels, must be completely lowered and secured to the vehicle. (2) Articulated vehicles shall be restrained in a manner that prevents articulation while in transit

Heavy Equipment (3) Heavy equipment or machinery with crawler tracks or wheels must be restrained against movement in the lateral, forward, rearward, and vertical direction using a minimum of four tiedowns. (4) Each of the tiedowns must be affixed as close as practicable to the front and rear of the vehicle, or mounting points on the vehicle that have been specifically designed for that purpose.

60,000 #

Proper Securement Matters

Grand Prairie, Alberta, Canada Truck Driver slammed on the brakes for a red light. The truck stopped - the pipe didn’t!

Proper Securement Matters Loose piece of Scrap Iron!