TERMS MRS. WEIS

Narrator’s Purpose: a person who gives an account or tells the story of events, experiences, etc. Author’s Purpose: n author's purpose is the reason an author decides to write about a specific topic. Then, once a topic is selected, the author must decide whether his purpose for writing is to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain his ideas to the reader.

Author’s Craft: a skilled author uses tools and techniques of language and storytelling to craft a piece of writing

POV: Deals with a narrator’s perspective. 1st person uses the personal pronoun “I” (makes the text seem more personal); 2nd person is seldom used (protagonist is “you”) -- supposed to make the reader feel like the main character in the story; 3rd person uses “he” or “she” and is less personal, more objective and neutral. Point of view can reveal a writers (or narrator’s) assumptions and biases

Text Shift: A systematic change of the phonetic or phonemic structure of a language, a functional shift. Text Structure: Text structure refers to how the information within a written text is organized. This strategy helps students understand that a text might present a main idea and details; a cause and then its effects; and/or different views of a topic.

Tone: which shows the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work Attitude: a settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person's writing. Established through diction, imagery, details, language use.

Argument: a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong. Claim: to take a position (or stance) on an issue; to assert or say something is or isn’t the case. Analysis: detailed examination of the elements or structure of something, typically as a basis for discussion or interpretation.

Evidence: support for a claim in the form of facts, data, expert testimony, personal interviews, observations, visuals, and other information that can back or advance a position. Counter Claim: arguments, beliefs, and assumptions held by the opposition.

*Central Theme: A central idea in a piece of writing or other work of art *Central Idea: A central idea in a piece of writing or other work of art The author’s use of __________________ establishes the central idea of ________________________________.

Details: Details that are carefully chosen and well organized can help make a piece of writing or an oral report more precise, vivid, convincing, and interesting. Anecdote: a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.

Rhetorical Devices: Resource of language is a technique that an author or speaker uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning with the goal of persuading him or her towards considering a topic from a different perspective, using sentences designed to encourage or provoke a rational argument.

Rhetorical Question: a question to make a point, to persuade or for literary effect. ?

Repetition: is the simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of the words, in order to secure emphasis.

Ethos: is an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader. Pathos: is an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response. Logos: is an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason.

Stanza: a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse. Dialogue: A dialogue is a literary technique in which writers employ two or more characters to be engaged in conversation with each other. In literature, it is a conversational passage or a spoken or written exchange of conversation in a group or between two persons directed towards a particular subject. Monologue: a long speech by one actor in a play or movie, or as part of a theatrical or broadcast program. Soliloquy: an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play.

Flashback: a scene in a play or novel, etc., set in a time earlier than the main story. Characterization: Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.

Simile: a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid Metaphor: A metaphor is a word or phrase that is used to make a comparison between two people, things, animals, or places.

Imagery: to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Symbolism: the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

Irony: the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. Dramatic Irony: irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play.

Language Use: refers to the communicative meaning of language. It can be compared to usage, which refers to the rules for making language and the structures we use to make it. Denotation/Connotation: Denotation = literal definition of a word; Connotation -- what a word suggests or implies (emotional impact). Effective with a passage in which a word or words are repeated, and that word (or those words) are important to the central idea. Diction: word choice

Conflict: refers to the different drives of the characters or forces involved. Conflict may be internal or external—that is, it may occur within a character's mind or between a character and exterior forces, (or point(s) of view). Setting: Time and place of a narrative. Explain background inherent in the setting. Define the cultural context. Define the historical era. Provide geographical and demographic context. DIDLS: A way to help a student find the tone of the passage. D- Diction, I-Imagery, D-Details, L-Language, S-Syntax

HAMPTON BAYS COMMUNITY COLLEGE: A way to help a student remember the introduction for the Writing from Sources. H-HOOK, B- Background Info, C- Counter Claim, C-Claim/Thesis

Topic Sentence: the topic sentence is the sentence in an expository paragraph which summarizes the main idea of that paragraph. It is usually the first sentence in a paragraph. Transition: a passage in a piece of writing that smoothly connects two topics or sections to each other. Evidence: the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid. Annotations: a note of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram. A MUST FOR SUCCESS ON THE ENGLISH REGENTS