American Revolution Causes of the American Revolution

French and Indian War War fought for control of Ohio river Valley. George Washington and Virginia militia defeated by French. British raised more troops.

French finally defeated. Treaty of Paris of French (Ceded) give up Canada and territory east of the Mississippi.

Results : Left Britain in debt. England felt colonies should help pay for defense of colonies. Imposed taxes on the colonies

The Proclamation of 1763 (Pontiac’s Rebellion) Prevented colonist from moving west of the Appalachians. angered colonist who wanted to settle new western lands. Intention was to prevent further Indian attacks.

Taxation Without Representation Sugar Act (1764) Sugar, wine, and coffee. Currency Act (1764) prohibited colonist from printing own money.

Stamp Act (1765) required use of specially stamped paper for ALL official documents, newspapers, and pamphlets. Repealed in Because of colonial protest both Violent and Nonviolent

Townshend Act (1767)-Taxed lead, glass, tea, paint, and paper imported from Britain. Repealed 1770, but tax on tea remained.

Lack of Representation Main slogan for colonist ”NO Taxation without representation!” Patrick Henry spoke out against taxation in ”Give me liberty or give me death!”

Boston Massacre Boston became center of colonial resistance. Civilians began to riot. British soldiers fired and killed 5 people. British felt events were Exaggerated.

Paul Revere’s engraving “The Boston Massacre” was considered propaganda used to support the movement for independence.

The Boston Tea Party Tea Act (1773) Allowed East India Company to sell tea to colonist without tax. Colonist refused to allow tea in colony. colonist dumped tea into Boston Harbor. (dressed like Indians) Boston refused to pay for tea, British closed the port.

Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) Meant to punish and make an example out of Massachusetts for Boston Tea Party (Who Dumped my TEA?) Boston Port Act Closed Boston Port until colonist paid for destroyed tea.

Massachusetts Government Act. Revoked the colony’s charter. British took over legislature.

Quartering Act: Required colonist to provide housing for British soldiers. In an attempt to reduce cost of protecting the colonies.

Common Sense (1776) Published by Thomas Paine. called for independence and criticized King George III.

Son’s and Daughter’s of Liberty Supported and helped encourage revolution. Both violent and nonviolent means.

End

First Continental Congress (1774) 1. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania -delegates wrote letter to King listing their complaints. -demanded repeal of Intolerable Acts by threatened to stop all exports to Britain. -boycotted all imports from Britain.

Paul Revere’s Ride 1. Sons of Liberty member 2. Involved with Boston Tea Party 3. Best known for ride that warned the British were coming.

Lexington and Concord April First Battle of the Revolution fought at Lexington. 2. British sent to Concord to capture military supplies. 3. Battle at Concord considered first American victory.

Bunker Hill June Located in Charlestown near Boston. -British victory *British lost more men than the colonists. 2. Part of the Siege of Boston (April 1775-march 1776)

Battle of Saratoga Oct Fought in New York -Led by Benedict Arnold -American victory 2. Convinced French that British could be defeated and joined the Americans.

Valley Forge Dec 1777-June Winter camp location 2. Led by George Washington 3. Trained by Freidrich Wilhelm von Stueben. -trained troops to be more organized and disciplined.

4. Not enough clothing or food died from disease and starvation.

Yorktown Last Major Battle of the Revolution. 2. British were defeated with help of the French. (Marquis de Lafayette) 3. Cornwallis surrenders

Treaty of Paris Ended the Revolution 2. G.B. recognized American Independence 3.Agreed on new boundaries 4. G.B. still controlled Canada. 5. U.S. lands south of Canada and east of the Miss and north of Florida.

George Washington 1. Commander of Continental Army. -Valley Forge -crossed the Delaware River -Battle of Yorktown 2. First President

Ben Franklin 1. printer, scientist, writer, and diplomat. 2. invented bifocals and lightning rod. 3.Poor Richards Almanac 4. Signed Declaration of Ind 5. Asked France to recognize American ind and help with war.

Thomas Jefferson 1. Drafted Declaration of Ind 2. governor of Virginia 3. 3 rd president of U.S. 4. Anti-Federalist

Patrick Henry 1. Member House of Burgesses 2. supporter of independence “Give me liberty or give me death”

John Adams 1. Defended soldiers of Boston Massacre. 2. signed Declaration of Ind 3. Helped write Treaty of Paris 4. Washington’s V.P. 2 nd president, 1797

Samuel Adams 1. Boston politician 2. founded Sons of Liberty 3. organized Boston Tea Party

Thomas Paine 1. Published Common Sense 2. promoted independence

Marquis de Laffayette 1. French general who helped during revolution. 2. fought alongside Washington 3. large part in Battle of Yorktown

Martha Washington 1. Original First Lady 2. At Valley Forge -helped raise morale

Abigail Adams 1. 2 nd First Lady 2. equal women’s rights 3. supported ending slavery

Mercy Otis Warren 1. Playwright -The Adulateur, The Group *discussed reasons for ind

Joseph Brant 1. Native American officer in British army. 2. Joined British because of lost lands to colonists. -British promised land back

Crispus Attucks 1. African American 2. killed during Boston Masscre 3. Symbol for abolitonist movement.

James Armistead 1. African American spy -Cornwallis camp

Alexander Hamilton 1. Wrote Federalist Papers 2. First Secretary of the Treasury 3. leader of federalist party

James Madison 1. “Father of Constitution” 2. Federalist Papers 3. Author of the Bill of Rights

Wentworth Chestwell 1. African-American Patriot 2. made same ride as Revere

Bernardo de Galvez 1. Spaniard 2. held of British in New Orleans 3. allowed Americans to use port

Haym Salomon 1. Polish Jew who spied for Americans. 2. help as translator by British

John Paul Jones 1. founded U.S. Navy 2. “I have not yet begun to fight”