Buildings, Energy & CO 2 UC/CSU/CCC Sustainability Conference Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, 2008 UC Davis Orientation Policies on Climate Change Buildings, Energy and Emissions Energy Intensity in Buildings Impacts of Growth Energy Use Projections Visualizing CO 2 Emissions Energy Futures Challenges & Opportunities

The UC Project Management Institute is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available upon request This program is registered with the AIA-CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this

Campus Wastewater Treatment Plant 4.2 MGD Peak Day Annual 9.6 MGD Peak Hourly Wet Weather Campus Arboretum Storm Collection Pumped to Putah Creek Thermal Storage Plant 4 – 2,000 Tons Electric Chillers 1-40,000 Tons Storage Tank Peak: 20,000 Tons CENTRAL PLANT STEAM: 2-100,000 PPH 1-75,000 PPH 150,000 PPH in Construction Peak: 230,000 PPH CHILLED WATER: 5,000 Tons Electric Chillers 3,500 Tons Steam Chillers CAMPUS LANDFILL Monthly Trash: 1,000 tons Thermal Storage Plant Electrical Sub- Station Campus Wastewater Treatment Plant Electrical Sub- Station Peak : 45 MVA 2006 Annual KWH: 246,190,000 Provider: WAPA/PG&E Natural Gas by DGS/PG&E 2007 Campus Information Acreage:5,200 Acres Building GSF:9.9M gsf Student Population:38,248 UC DAVIS ORIENTATION

UC Sustainable Practices Policy …University will develop a long term strategy for voluntarily meeting the State of California’s goal, pursuant to the “California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006” that is: by 2020, to reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels. In addition, consistent with the Clean Energy Standard sections a., b. and c. of this document, the University will pursue the goal of reducing GHG emissions to 2000 levels by 2014… …and provide an action plan for becoming climate neutral… POLICIES ON CLIMATE CHANGE American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment Within two years of signing this document, develop an institutional action plan for becoming climate neutral…

BUILDINGS, ENERGY & EMISSIONS Source of CO2 Emissions The Registry does not currently track emissions from: -- University Air Travel -- Commute Travel to Campus -- Landfill and wastewater -- Animal and agricultural activities -- Delivery/Manucfaturing of purchased goods -- Construction activities (2007)

BUILDINGS, ENERGY & EMISSIONS Source of CO2 Emissions Source: UC Berkeley Climate Action Partnership Feasibility Study Final Report

MAIN CAMPUS AREA BY BUILDING TYPE Gross Square Footage (projected) Data beyond 2016 is for estimating emissions only

USES OF ENERGY IN BUILDINGS Energy Intensity and End Uses in Various Building Types

USES OF ENERGY IN BUILDINGS Building Energy Intensity (KBTU/SF)

Actual ( ) and Projected ( ) MAIN CAMPUS ENERGY USE Data beyond 2016 is for estimated emissions only 2020 Reduction Goal 2014 Reduction Goal Data beyond 2016 is for estimating emissions only Campus Population Building Area 1990 Baseline 2000 Baseline Actual Energy Use 10,037,600 Gross Square Feet 38,813 People 11,822,689 GSF 42,768 6,150,181 GSF 29,484 Projected Energy Use (148,860 Metric Tons of CO 2 ) KBTU

CAMPUS CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS Visualizing the Quantity The daily CO 2 emissions from the building energy use for the Main Campus (direct and indirect) is equivalent to 10,250 cars (enough to fill every parking lot and garage on campus) running for 15 hours a day.

MAIN CAMPUS ENERGY USE Actual ( ) and Projected ( ) 2020 Reduction Goal 2014 Reduction Goal 1990 Baseline 2000 Baseline Actual Energy Use Projected Energy Use (148,860 Metric Tons of CO 2 ) Data beyond 2016 is for estimating emissions only Campus Population Building Area KBTU California Title 24

MAIN CAMPUS ENERGY USE Actual, Projected and Options to Come ( ) 2020 Reduction Goal 2014 Reduction Goal 1990 Baseline 2000 Baseline Actual Energy Use Projected Energy Use (148,860 Metric Tons of CO 2 ) Data beyond 2016 is for estimating emissions only Campus Population Building Area California Title 24 KBTU A: Conservation Projects B: A + User Level

ENERGY CONSERVATION Most Common Project Types Recommissioning, retrocommissioning (tuning of existing systems) HVAC Retrofits Lighting Retrofits Control Modifications Combined Projects (building-wide renovations) Movable Equipment Replacement (Lab freezers, computer monitors, vending machines) Deficiencies in Existing Buildings The Cost Effectiveness of Commercial Building Commissioning, LBNL 2004

MAIN CAMPUS ENERGY USE Actual, Projected and Options to Come ( ) 2020 Reduction Goal 2014 Reduction Goal 1990 Baseline 2000 Baseline Actual Energy Use Projected Energy Use (148,860 Metric Tons of CO 2 ) Data beyond 2016 is for estimating emissions only Campus Population Building Area California Title 24 KBTU A: Conservation Projects B: A + User Level C: B + Plasma Plant

ENERGY GENERATION Recovering Energy from Waste Plasma Gasification Gasification Incineration Bio-digestion Above 2,500 Deg F No Ash (glass & metal) Any Type of Waste No Sorting (may require shredding) Large Capacity Deg F Ash Some Inorganics Requires Sorting Small Capacity Deg F Ash Some Inorganics Requires Sorting Large Capacity Outside Air Temp Dependent Waste Used for AG Organic Material Requires Sorting* Small Capacity (can multiply tanks) *Depends on Acidity or Alkalinity of Material

ENERGY GENERATION Plasma Gasification + Medical Waste + Animal Bedding Electrical Arc Plasma Gasifier Municipal Solid Waste Mixed Gas and Steam

ENERGY GENERATION Plasma Gasification Metals Vitrified Glass Plasma Gasifier HCL Sulfur Gas Clean Up System Heat Exchangers Fuel Gas Steam Electricity Gas Turbine Steam Turbine Municipal Solid Waste

MAIN CAMPUS ENERGY USE Actual, Projected and Options to Come ( ) 2020 Reduction Goal 2014 Reduction Goal 1990 Baseline 2000 Baseline Actual Energy Use Projected Energy Use (148,860 Metric Tons of CO 2 ) Data beyond 2016 is for estimating emissions only Campus Population Building Area California Title 24 KBTU A: Conservation Projects B: A + User Level C: B + Plasma Plant D: C + Solar

MAIN CAMPUS ENERGY USE Actual, Projected and Options to Come ( ) 2020 Reduction Goal 2014 Reduction Goal 1990 Baseline 2000 Baseline Actual Energy Use Projected Energy Use (148,860 Metric Tons of CO 2 ) Data beyond 2016 is for estimating emissions only Campus Population Building Area California Title 24 KBTU A: Conservation Projects B: A + User Level C: B + Plasma Plant D: C + Solar E: D + Slower Growth

ENERGY FUTURES Plan A Increase energy efficiency goals on all new projects to 30% better than T24 Implement 480,000,000 kbtu of Energy Efficiency Projects from the Strategic Energy Plan in Implement 210,000,000 kbtu of Energy Efficiency Projects from the future Strategic Energy Plan in Plan B In addition to the above: Implement an integrated occupant side energy efficiency program with equipment replacement, setpoint adjustments, water use reduction, building shading, user participation in energy management Plan C In addition to the above: Construct a 3MW Plasma Gasification Plant burning campus solid waste to generate steam and electricity Plan D In addition to the above: Construct a 4MW Photovoltaic Array Plan E In addition to the above: Slow construction of additional buildings to ½ the current rate

CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES – ENERGY CONSERVATION Principal Agent Problem Majority of campus departments are not responsible for utility costs Limited metering creates a cost barrier for tracking and reporting energy use Budget Most departments are faced with cuts of 3% to 10% for the near future Ongoing utility deficit Project - Based Funding Funding based on individual projects limits development of long term resources for ongoing energy conservation programs such as integrated approaches with an occupant component Credit for Energy Efficient Practices Allow departments to count reductions in their energy use as part of their budget cuts CO 2 Reduction Program Funding Create a project-independent funding source with the annual amount based on the campus emissions total multiplied by the current market cost of high-standard carbon offsets

QUESTIONS ? This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Program. Bill Starr Senior Project Manager Architects & Engineers University of California, Davis Ardie Dehghani Director of Engineering Architects & Engineers University of California, Davis