Why does this child have a swollen stomach?

L3: Unbalanced Diet and Deficiencies Lesson Objectives: All students must: Describe some health issues caused by an unhealthy diet Describe the physical effects of eating too much and eating too little Most students should: Explain the physical effects of obesity and starvation Some students could: Compare how deaths from starvation and obesity have changed over time

Body Mass Index (BMI) Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on the height and weight of an individual. People with obesity have a very high BMI. Obesity can cause serious physical problems. What problems do you think people with obesity have?

Obesity With obesity, extra fatty tissue is stored. The body then struggles to carry the increased mass.

Obesity What might cause obesity?

Obesity BMI – body mass index is used to find out if people are underweight, overweight or obese. BMI = Body mass (kg) Height (m) 2 <20 – Underweight – Acceptable – Overweight >30 – Obese

Obesity Summary 1.What is obesity? 2.What are some health problems obese people face? 3.What are some potential causes of obesity? 4.What is body mass index (BMI)? 5.What is BMI used for?

Anorexia

Anorexia nervosa is a type of eating disorder. It mainly affects teenage girls (90%). Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric (mental) disorder causing people to starve themselves to lose weight. Anorexics have low body weight and distorted body image. They have an obsessive fear of gaining weight.

What are some problems with anorexia? What might be some causes?

Nutrient Deficiency Jig-Saw You will be put into groups of four. Each person in your group will learn about a different nutrient deficiency disease. Afterwards, you will be in charge of teaching what you learned to the rest of your group. By the end, everyone should have notes about all four nutrient deficiency diseases.

Deficiency Diseases What is the cause? Who does it affect? What are the main symptoms? What is the treatment?

Nutrient Deficiency Nutrient deficiency DiseaseSymptoms IronAnaemiaTiredness, pale, lethargic CalciumRicketsWeak, brittle bones ProteinKwashiorkorPoor growth and development Vitamin CScurvyBleeding gums and teeth

Anaemia

Rickets

Goitre -iodine deficiency

Kwashiorkor

Scurvy

Vitamin A deficiency In well-nourished people the liver can store enough vitamin A to last 1 or 2 years. It needs to be stored in the liver as in high concentrations in the blood it is toxic.

Vitamin A deficiency Vitamin A deficiency is common in developing countries but rarely seen in developed countries. Approximately 250,000 to 500,000 malnourished children in the developing world go blind each year from a deficiency of vitamin A. Night blindness is one of the first signs of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency contributes to blindness by making the cornea very dry and damaging the retina and cornea.

Vitamin A deficiency Children are at risk of this deficiency if they are fed on a mainly cereal diet with low amounts of meat and fresh vegetables. It causes ½ million cases of childhood blindness around the world. Millions more children have just enough to prevent blindness but not enough to maintain their immune system or epithelia.

Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D is sometimes called the sunshine vitamin. As long as the skin receives enough sunlight the body will produce vitamin D. Therefore vitamin D is not always needed in the diet.

Vitamin D deficiency Even in Britain where there is little sun during the winter months it is not a problem as usually enough is made during the summer and stored in muscle and fat. However, some people do not get any sun exposure, so they may not be able to produce enough vitamin D.

Vitamin D deficiency Dark skin produces little vitamin D. People with dark skin in temperate climates have to make sure that they have enough vitamin D in their diet. Food sources include: Eggs Oily fish Margarine Meat Meat products.