World History/Cultures Chapter 16- Age of Imperialism Section 2- Partition of Africa

Take out your HW put on desk to be collected… Take out your HW put on desk to be collected…

Warm up/ Review: 10 mins. List 10 things from the Chap 16 notes you learned and that you PREDICT could be a on an Assessment. THEN write down a clever tricky RIDDLE/question about each topic. (with answer) Be prepared to share! List 10 things from the Chap 16 notes you learned and that you PREDICT could be a on an Assessment. THEN write down a clever tricky RIDDLE/question about each topic. (with answer) Be prepared to share! My example: “This shiny little guy from Africa is not quite golden but definitely carries a charge!” My example: “This shiny little guy from Africa is not quite golden but definitely carries a charge!” Zulu Vla: details: 6 things observed: Zulu Vla: details: 6 things observed:

Explorations of Scottish doctor David Livingstone & British journalist, Henry M. Stanley spur Europe to claim parts of Africa. Explorations of Scottish doctor David Livingstone & British journalist, Henry M. Stanley spur Europe to claim parts of Africa Berlin Germany, 14 European countries partition or divide Africa. (called the “African Cake”) 1885 Berlin Germany, 14 European countries partition or divide Africa. (called the “African Cake”) By 1914: 90% of African continent controlled by European nations. By 1914: 90% of African continent controlled by European nations.

Who took the most colonies in Africa? What nation grabbed the most land?

 North Africa Sahara Desert- Atlantic Ocean to Red Sea. North Africans lived North of Sahara on fertile land. Sahara Desert- Atlantic Ocean to Red Sea. North Africans lived North of Sahara on fertile land. 1800s- Muslim Arabs governed Tripoli, Tunis & Algiers. Present- day Libya, Tunisia & Algeria. 1800s- Muslim Arabs governed Tripoli, Tunis & Algiers. Present- day Libya, Tunisia & Algeria.

 French in North Africa 1830: King Charles X of France invaded Algiers to colonize country. 1830: King Charles X of France invaded Algiers to colonize country. Algerian leader Abd-al-Qadir resisted French. Lost. Algerian leader Abd-al-Qadir resisted French. Lost : French troops conquered much of Northern Africa (Algiers..) 1 million French settled in North Africa : French troops conquered much of Northern Africa (Algiers..) 1 million French settled in North Africa.

 Britain & Egypt Early 1800s- Egypt under governor Muhammed Ali. Reformed tax & land systems, encouraged industry & irrigation. Debts rose. Early 1800s- Egypt under governor Muhammed Ali. Reformed tax & land systems, encouraged industry & irrigation. Debts rose French entrepreneur, Ferdinand de Lesseps, set up company to build Suez Canal. Important- shortened route between Europe & Asia & valued by British as link to India French entrepreneur, Ferdinand de Lesseps, set up company to build Suez Canal. Important- shortened route between Europe & Asia & valued by British as link to India. 1875: Great Britain gains control of Suez Canal as Egypt sold canal shares to pay debts. 1875: Great Britain gains control of Suez Canal as Egypt sold canal shares to pay debts.

Suez Canal

 Britain & Egypt con’t 1882: Egypt and Brit troops stops revolt by nationalist leader Ahmad Arabi. (he wanted to kick out all foreigners) 1882: Egypt and Brit troops stops revolt by nationalist leader Ahmad Arabi. (he wanted to kick out all foreigners) Egypt became a British protectorate. Brits takeover all of Egypt. Egypt became a British protectorate. Brits takeover all of Egypt.

 Italy Seizes Libya 1800s Libya known as Tripoli & Italy wanted it as it was the nearest European nation. 1800s Libya known as Tripoli & Italy wanted it as it was the nearest European nation. 1911: Italy declared war on Ottoman Empire which controlled Tripoli. Italy victorious, took Tripoli as a colony & rename it Libya. 1911: Italy declared war on Ottoman Empire which controlled Tripoli. Italy victorious, took Tripoli as a colony & rename it Libya.

 West Africa s: West Africans engaged in slave trade with Europeans s: West Africans engaged in slave trade with Europeans. Population of West Africa weakened by slave trade. Trade natural products for manufactured goods. Population of West Africa weakened by slave trade. Trade natural products for manufactured goods. Late 1800s: Europeans control all African trade & move inland. On rivers! **Malaria and Geographic barriers (like dense jungles) kept Euros from easily exploring Africa! Late 1800s: Europeans control all African trade & move inland. On rivers! **Malaria and Geographic barriers (like dense jungles) kept Euros from easily exploring Africa!

 West Africa 1900: Great Britain & France acquire West African lands. 1900: Great Britain & France acquire West African lands. 1890s: West African rulers Samoury Toume fights French & Ashanti Queen Yaa Asantewaa fights British. Both defeated by European armies. 1890s: West African rulers Samoury Toume fights French & Ashanti Queen Yaa Asantewaa fights British. Both defeated by European armies. By 1900: only Liberia STAYS independent in West Africa. (Off limits to Europen expansion due to U.S. ties. Liberia established 1822 by free African Americans. ) By 1900: only Liberia STAYS independent in West Africa. (Off limits to Europen expansion due to U.S. ties. Liberia established 1822 by free African Americans. )

 Central & East Africa Belgian’s King Leopold II (EVIL!)claimed Congo as private plantation. Takes RUBBER & kills elephants for ivory. Congo stripped of people & resources. Belgian’s King Leopold II (EVIL!)claimed Congo as private plantation. Takes RUBBER & kills elephants for ivory. Congo stripped of people & resources. Leopold BRUTALLY controlled Congo for 20 years agreed to give up plantation for a large loan. Congo region became Belgian Congo. Leopold BRUTALLY controlled Congo for 20 years agreed to give up plantation for a large loan. Congo region became Belgian Congo. British, Germans & Italians claimed parts of East Africa. British, Germans & Italians claimed parts of East Africa. Ethiopia: only East African country to stay independent. Italy tried to conquer Ethiopia. Defeated by Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II & his army. Ethiopia: only East African country to stay independent. Italy tried to conquer Ethiopia. Defeated by Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II & his army.

Belgium Congo: Heart of Darkness

 Southern Africa 1652: 1 st : Dutch established Cape Town & next 150 years, known as Afrikaners (Dutch settlers) conquer more land that became Cape Colony. Believed white Afrikaners superior. 1652: 1 st : Dutch established Cape Town & next 150 years, known as Afrikaners (Dutch settlers) conquer more land that became Cape Colony. Believed white Afrikaners superior. 1830s: 10,000 Afrikaners, British called Boers (Dutch for farmer) leave Cape Town rather than be under British rule. Leave on Great Trek- move into interior. Establish Transvaal & Orange Free State. 1830s: 10,000 Afrikaners, British called Boers (Dutch for farmer) leave Cape Town rather than be under British rule. Leave on Great Trek- move into interior. Establish Transvaal & Orange Free State.

 Southern Africa con’t: Afrikaners fought neighbors- Zulu for control of land. Afrikaners fought neighbors- Zulu for control of land. 2 Wars to Know: 2 Wars to Know: 1879 ZULU WAR: British fought Zulu. Zulu defeated British in MAJOR battle at Isandwala. But…IN few months the modern British army destroys Zulu Empire ZULU WAR: British fought Zulu. Zulu defeated British in MAJOR battle at Isandwala. But…IN few months the modern British army destroys Zulu Empire. Conflict erupts between British & Boers. British wanted all of South Africa- gold/diamonds. Conflict erupts between British & Boers. British wanted all of South Africa- gold/diamonds. 1899: Anglo-Boer War- British won against Dutch Settlersin : Anglo-Boer War- British won against Dutch Settlersin 1902.

Zulu and Boer Wars in South Africa

 Southern Africa con’t 1910: Great Britain unites Transvaal, Orange Free State, Cape Colony & Natal into Union of South Africa. 1910: Great Britain unites Transvaal, Orange Free State, Cape Colony & Natal into Union of South Africa. Racial equality issue. Nonwhite groups tried to gain civil rights from white minority government. Mohandas K. Ghandi fought & gained rights for Indians in South Africa. Racial equality issue. Nonwhite groups tried to gain civil rights from white minority government. Mohandas K. Ghandi fought & gained rights for Indians in South Africa. 1925: Black South Africans founded African National Congress 1925: Black South Africans founded African National Congress (ANC) Goal- work for black rights in South Africa. (rules SA today) (ANC) Goal- work for black rights in South Africa. (rules SA today)

 Effects of Imperialism Effects on economic & social life. Effects on economic & social life. Africans paid low wages. Taught European ways. Africans kept culture but many accepted Christianity. Africans paid low wages. Taught European ways. Africans kept culture but many accepted Christianity. By early 1900s: Western- educated Africans condemn imperialism. Founded national groups. By early 1900s: Western- educated Africans condemn imperialism. Founded national groups. By End of 20th century- colonies won political independence from European rule. By End of 20th century- colonies won political independence from European rule.

Je1W_HIWmA VLA review with 6+ details in a sticky Imperial Web…(EC draw a cool pic illustrating some facet of African Imperialism……) Je1W_HIWmA VLA review with 6+ details in a sticky Imperial Web…(EC draw a cool pic illustrating some facet of African Imperialism……) Je1W_HIWmA Je1W_HIWmA Horrors of the Belgiums in Congo: Horrors of the Belgiums in Congo: dAHxRD8dZOM dAHxRD8dZOM dAHxRD8dZOM dAHxRD8dZOM

Wrap Up Activity: IN groups of three or less: 1. Each student Create list of 5 questions from this section (with answers) that may be asked on an assessment: IN groups of three or less: 1. Each student Create list of 5 questions from this section (with answers) that may be asked on an assessment: