Republic of Ecuador Population: 13,625,000 (estimate 2008) Density: 53.8/km 2 Area: Km 2 Ethnic Group: 65% mestizo, 25% indigenous, 7% white,3% black Laguage: Spanish Currency: U.S. dollar GDP: $4,059

Geographic regions: La Costa, or the coast, comprises the low-lying land in the western part of the country, including the Pacific coastline. La Sierra, ("the highlands") is the high-altitude belt running north-south along the center of the country, its mountainous terrain dominated by the Andes mountain range. La Amazonía, also known as El Oriente ("the east"), comprises the Amazon rainforest areas in the eastern part of the country, accounting for just under half of the country's total surface area, though populated by less than 5% of the population. The Región Insular, is the region comprising the Galápagos Islands, some 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) west of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean. Administrative division: Ecuador is divided into 24 provinces (provincias), each with its own administrative capital

Constitutional and planning Framework Policies

Article 15.- The State shall promote in the public and private sector the use of environmentally friendly technologies and clean alternative energy with low impact. Energy sovereignty will not be achieved at the expense of food sovereignty, or affecting the right to water. Article The State reserves the right to manage, regulate, and control the strategic sectors in accordance with the principles of environmental sustainability, precaution, prevention and efficiency. Are considered strategic sectors of energy in all its forms, telecommunications, non- renewable natural resources, transport and hydrocarbons refining, biodiversity and genetic heritage, radioelectric spectrum, water, and others determined by law. The New Constitution (2008)

Article The State shall be responsible for the provision of drinking water utilities and irrigation, sanitation, electricity, telecommunications, roads, port and airport infrastructures and others determined by law. Article The State shall ensure that mechanisms of production, consumption, use of energy and natural resources work inside that framework of preservation and natural recovery cycles, and allowing living with dignity. Article The State shall promote energy efficiency, development and use of environmentally clean technologies and practices, healthy and renewable energy, diversified, low-impact and non-threatening food sovereignty, ecological balance ecosystems and water rights.

GOALS "Reaching the 6% of share with alternative energy in the total installed capacity by 2013.“ “Change from being net importers of energy to be even exporters.“ “Take the major advantage of water resources, without ruling out other sources of energy such as wind, geothermal or second-generation biofuels, trying to minimize negative impacts on the environment clean and appropriate technologies."

MINISTRY OF ELECTRICITY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

On July 9, 2007 it was established the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy, with the mission to serve the Ecuadorian society through the formulation of national policy in the electricity sector and project management. Objectives Recovery planning for the state by changing the energy matrix. Increase electricity coverage. To strengthen and transform the state Energy institutions. Ensuring the reliability and quality of supply, self-sufficiency in Promote the efficient and rational use of energy. Promoting regional energy integration.

Projects carried out by the National Biofuels Department

ASSESTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTES FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION BY BIODIGESTERS. STUDY OF RICE HUSKS USAGE IN ORDERTO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. PROGRAM OF GASOLINE ETHANOL ANHYDROUS ADDED. LOCAL PRODUCTION OF JATROPHA PURE OIL FROM LIVE FENCES OF MANABI PROVINCE FOR THERMOELECTRIC GENERATION IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS CONSTRUCTION OF BIODIGESTERS AT NATIONAL LEVEL ELECTRIC GENERATION BY URBAN WASTES

THE JATROPHA PROJET FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TO GALAPAGOS The Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy together with the Ministry of Agriculture, with support from the German Development Service Technical DED Ecuador, are implementing the project "local production of jatropha oil from live fences in Manabí province for electricity production in the Galapagos Islands. The main objective is to replace diesel oil for power generation in the islands through the Jatropha oil produced from live fences in Manabí province.

CURRENT SITUATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES IN ECUADOR.

In Ecuador, the implementation of state policies for the management of MSW and sewage, is controlled by the Secretariat for Water Supply and Sanitation Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (Housing Ministry). There is a production in Ecuador between 7000 and 8000 tons / day of MSW, of which approximately 66,33% are destined for landfills. The cities of Guayaquil and Quito produce more than 50% of the national volume because of the concentration of population, socioeconomic level and quantity of waste produced per capita. Currently approximately 62% of the collection service is provided by direct cities management and the remaining 38% through service contracts. CANTONKg/day/person Quito and Guayaquil1,1 Cantons with more than habitants excluding Quito and Guayaquil 0,8 Rest of the Country0,6

In Santo Domingo, Ibarra, Manta, Quevedo and other cities, existing landfills have exceeded their capacity, demanding technology solutions. MSW IN TONES / DAY

WASTE DISPOSAL TYPE BY SIZE OF CITY Type of CityLandfillControlled dumps Open dumps Water dumps Large cities86,613,40,00 Medium cities 27,1139,333,770,00 Small Cities26,0323,6849,151,14 Country66,3319,4714,010,19

ELECTRIC GENERATION BY URBAN WASTES PROJECT It is proposed the installation of a Solid Waste Processing Plant in Quito MSW with a capacity of 300 tons / day (expandable to 600 tons / day) in a sector of Quito. In The composition of the waste of the Metropolitan District of Quito, the organic fraction is over 60%, which is the raw material for bio-digestion process and therefore production energy.

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