Chapter 10.2 Building a Muslim Empire OBJECTIVE To learn about where Islam spread after Mohammad’s death and About the 2 main sects of Islam: Sunni and Shia

Chapter 10 vocab Kaaba 1Quran 1 mosque 1Hajj1 jihad 1Sharia 1 caliph 2Minarets 2 Calligraphy 3Taj Mahal 4

1.Abu Bakr—Mohammad’s father-in-law 2.1 st ***Caliph: successor to Mohammad***  Main leader of Muslims 3.“if you worship Mohammad, Mohammad is dead. If you worship God, God is alive”

Focus Q: Nov. 23 What are the 5 pillars of Islam? Which would be the easiest for you to comply with? The hardest? Why?

h What you’ll learn……….and why. 1.Islam will spread throughout the Middle East, North Africa. 2.2 of the branches of Islam are Sunni and Shiite. 1.As it grew, Islam became more influential. 2.Not all sects of Islam get along.

Arabs Unite Under Islam 1.After several battles, Abu Bakr unites many Arab tribes based on their loyalty to Islam, not a person, leader, etc. 2.Are united under 1 leader, the Caliph convert the remaining Arab tribes to Islam This ends fighting among Arabs Conquer much of Byzantine Empire and Persian (Iran) Empire entirely

The Spread of Islam  Easy to learn and practice.  No priesthood.  Teaches equality.  Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.  Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes.  Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

Divisions: Sunnis and Shias Who will be the Muslim leader? 1.Shiites: must be a descendant of Ali (son-in-law) and Fatima 2.Sunnis: any pious Muslim male from Mohammad’s tribe

Shiites—10% 1.Leader must be a ***descendant of Ali (son-in-law)*** and Fatima 2. These people, called Imams, are divinely inspired religious leaders 3.Can interpret the Quran and Mohammad’s actions 4.Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen

Sunnis—90% 1.Leader can be any pious Muslim male from Mohammad’s tribe 2.Called a Caliph (successor) – Is a political leader of the religious community 3.Not divine, inspiration comes from Mohammad’s example

Sunni and Shiite Conflict continues btwn them today 90% of Muslims are Sunni Most Shiites live in Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen

How do you read this map?

Sufis ***mystics who sought communion w/God through meditation and fasting*** 1.Iike Christian Monks or Nuns, help spread Islam 2.In both Sunni and Shiite branches

form of Sama, physicallySama active meditationmeditation Sufis dancing form of Sama,Sama physically active meditationmeditation

Whirling Dervish

Umayyads (Sunni) 1.After Ali dies, Umayyad Caliphate rules until ***Capital is in Damascus, Syria*** 3.Extend Arab rule to Spain, North Africa, India 4.Moved into France, defeated at the Battle of Tours—no further European advancement

Umayyads (Sunni) 1.***Reasons for success: Persians, Byzantines are weak*** 2.Also, camel and horse cavalry— aggressive, mobile—hard to stop

Conquered people treated fairly 1.***Muslim leaders impose a tax on non- Muslims*** 2.Allow Christians, Jews and others to practice their religion and follow their own laws 3.Prohibit looting, destruction of conquered lands—Why is this wise? – Will have $ for tribute, taxes

Conquered people treated fairly 1.Many non-Muslims convert for a variety of reasons 2.Islam has no hierarchy or class of priests 3.***In theory, it emphasizes the equality of all people*** – Can you think of exceptions to this?

Decline of Umayyads 1.Difficult to manage a larger empire 2.Lots of $ flows in—when conquests stop— economic tensions begin 3.***many Muslims criticize the luxurious lifestyle of Caliphs at Damascus***, different that earlier Caliphs 4.Non-Arab converts have fewer rights than Arabs

10.2 Left Side Make a Venn diagram comparing Sunni and Shiite Muslims Then draw 1 picture that represents Sunni’s and 1 picture that represents Shiite’s. Color