The Muslim Conquests A.D.

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Presentation transcript:

The Muslim Conquests 632-732 A.D.

Summary “The century-long campaign of expansion undertaken by Arabian forces espousing the new faith of Islam.” Combatants Arab Muslims Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Berber States Kingdom of Visigoths Kingdom of the Franks

Key Outcomes Established Islam as significant religion Spread culture and science with conquests Led to the Crusades Led to future clashes with Christianity

Timeline 570 AD: Birth of Muhammad 632 AD: Death of Muhammad 633 AD: 1st Muslim attack on Byzantine Empire 638 AD: Muslims take Jerusalem 669-679 AD: Muslims fail to take Constantinople 702 AD: Muslims conquer North Africa 711-718 AD: Muslim conquest of Iberia 732 AD: Battle of Tours (Poitiers)

Strategy Expansion of Islamic state Direct warlike tribes in Arabia outward to maintain unity of Islam Allow conquered to convert to Islam

Compare & Contrast: Muslims vs. Crusaders Technology somewhat similar Tactics completely different

Tactics Outstanding horsemen Fast-moving and highly disciplined Wore less armor than Europeans Repeated cavalry charges Mounted archers Feigned retreats Flanking movements

Technology Light chain mail over hardened leather jackets Lance Small shields Swords Bow

Leadership Muhammad Umar I Prophet of Islam Conquered Mecca w/support of Bedouin tribes Conquered most of Arabian peninsula by 632 AD Umar I Aided Muhammad’s conquest of Arabia Oversaw Muslim expansion Created Sunni/Shiite split

“The Fall of Syria” Arab Muslims vs. Byzantine Empire The Battle of Yarmuk River, 636 AD Lasted 6 days Arabs outnumbered 2 to 1 Byzantines retreat blocked by Arab cavalry Gave Arabs Southern Syria & Palestine Set up crusades

Muslim Conquest of Iberia Visigoths took Iberia (Spain & Portugal) from W. Roman Empire (about 419-430 AD) 702 AD: Muslims conquer and convert Berber tribes of N. Africa 711 AD: Muslims invade Iberia w/aid of Byzantine outpost 721 AD: Muslims conquer most of Iberia and advance into France

Battle of Tours 732 AD Franks vs. Muslim Arab/Berbers Southwestern France Franks led by Charles Martel “The Hammer” Prevented further expansion of Islam into Europe