Chapter 21 The New Deal, 1932–1940

The Second New Deal Rural Electrification Agency (REA) Works Progress Administration (WPA) ◦ Buildings ◦ Bridges and roads ◦ Arts Wagner Act ◦ Legally protected unions

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company A map published by the PublicWorks Administration in 1935

The Second New Deal Social Security Act ◦ Unemployment insurance ◦ Old age pension ◦ Aid to disabled/poor/families with children

A Reckoning with Liberty Fireside Chats ◦ Radio addresses ◦ Support New Deal policies ◦ Addressed inequalities The Election of 1936 ◦ Won in landslide ◦ Supports from organized labor, farmers, minority groups and middle class

A Reckoning with Liberty Supreme Court ◦ FDR wanted to remove all justices over 70 (6) ◦ Congress rejected plan ◦ Court upheld FDRs programs The End of the Second New Deal ◦ Economic slump in ◦ Shift to Keynesian economics  Government must spend money to make money

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Figure 21.2 Unemployment, 1925–1945

Women Government jobs more plentiful ◦ France Perkins – Secretary of Labor Women discouraged or banned from working

The South Agricultural and Domestic Workers excluded from Social Security The Stigma of Welfare ◦ Dependency on government handouts ◦ Federal government abolished federal welfare in 1996.

The Limits of Change The Indian New Deal ◦ John Collier ◦ Boarding to reservations schools ◦ Repeal of Dawes Act ◦ Increased $ on health Mexican-Americans ◦ Pressured to leave

African Americans High unemployment & no benefirs W.E.B. Du Bois ◦ “A Nation Within a Nation” FDR critical of segregation Support for New Deal Federal Discrimination ◦ Limited opportunities for blacks

A New Conception of America Challenging the Color Line ◦ Communist support ◦ Scottsboro case  Inclusion on juries  Right to effective legal representation Labor and Civil Liberties ◦ Blacks included in unions ◦ More freedoms for Unions ◦ “Un-American Activities Committee”

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company A card issued by the Communist Party during the 1936 campaign illustrates

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company The “Scottsboro boys,” flanked by two prison guards

A New Conception of America The End of the New Deal ◦ Southern Democrat opposition ◦ Court packing led to more Republican support  Stalemate in Congress