(or How To Research Without Accidentally Stealing Someone Else’s Ideas!) (Notes worth 5 points, paraphrase homework worth 10 points)

1. Copying one sentence of your paper from a website. 2. Using a quotation from a website in your benchmark project paper, with a parenthetical citation, but forgetting to put quotation marks around it. 3. Using ideas, but not direct quotations, from SparkNotes, Schmoop, Wikipedia, or any other website. 4. Cutting and pasting a sentence from a website and then changing some of the words to synonyms. 5. Putting “Barack Obama is the President of the United States” in your paper and not citing that fact. 6. You have citations, but almost the whole paper is quoted from a source. 7. You have parenthetical citations but you got them mixed up and they do not lead to the right source.

If I put the information from a source completely in my own words, I don’t need a citation, right? WRONG! Why?

 I Challenge You, Vikings! Can you remember the consequences of plagiarism? In your notes, write down all the things that you remember that can happen if you plagiarize at HIS, and also in the real world.

1. Summarize or Paraphrase Put the information completely in your own words, with a citation. Or… 2. Use direct quotations Use the authors words, with “quotation marks around them” and a citation.

Visit this website: material/ And also this one: / / Find out when you should use a direct quotation, and when it is better to paraphrase. Add this to your notes.

 Quotations should always be introduced. Try using attributive tags.  Attributive tags are short phrases you can use in your writing or speech before a quotation or fact from a research source to show where the idea came from.

Neutral:  According to Harvard professor Howard Gardner…  Educational theorist Howard Gardner explains… Opinionated:  Howard Gardner argues that… Sharing data/statistics:  Data from a 2014 Harvard study indicates…  A 2013 Stanford Department of Education study found that…

Burrowing owls are an endangered species because of the way humans interact with their habitat. “Burrowing owls live in underground dens that are easily threatened by construction projects” (Miller 55). Even if construction crews don’t hurt the owls, the birds may still become too afraid to lay eggs. Burrowing owl populations have gone down by 45% in the last ten years (“Threatened Bird Statistics”). Construction projects are a significant threat to the survival of this species.

 Author and page #: (Gardner 5)  For web sources, sometimes you do not have a page number: (Gardner)  Sometimes you don’t have an author. Move to the next thing, the title: (“Explaining Multiple Intelligences” 56) or (“Explaining Multiple Intelligences”)

 This study shows that high school students are nearly as depressed and anxious as medical school students.  Gardner’s work supports the idea that intelligence can change over a person’s lifetime.  Gardner’s perspective is in conflict with the traditional idea that there is only one definition of intelligence.

According to Harvard professor Howard Gardner, “If we all had exactly the same kind of mind and there was only one kind of intelligence, then we could teach everybody the same thing in the same way…But once we realize that people have very different kinds of minds…then education which treats everybody the same way, is actually the most unfair education” (Gardner). Gardner’s perspective is in conflict with the traditional idea that there is only one definition of intelligence. If we have multiple forms of intelligence, it makes more sense to teach each student in an individualized way.

Remember: An essay that is almost entirely quotations is plagiarized, whether they are cited properly or not! Each paragraph should have a topic sentence, introduction to evidence, analysis of evidence, and conclusion sentence in your own words, in addition to the evidence/quotation. If unsure, try highlighting the evidence/quotations in your essay and keeping that highlighted area to about1/5 of the paragraph.

 Did I use any words or phrases from my source?  Did I keep the same order of ideas or sentence structure as my source?

 Original: “Be completely honest with your children. This will show them how always applicable the principle is and will demonstrate your commitment to it… Never let them hear you tell little ‘convenient lies’ on the phone and never ask them to tell one for you” (Eyre 15).  GOOD or BAD? Never tell lies, even little convenient lies, around your children. In addition, don’t let them tell a lie for you. By doing this, you will demonstrate your commitment to honesty (Eyre 15).

 Original: “Be completely honest with your children. This will show them how always applicable the principle is and will demonstrate your commitment to it… Never let them hear you tell little ‘convenient lies’ on the phone and never ask them to tell one for you” (Eyre).  GOOD or BAD? Be totally honest with your kids. This shows them that honesty is always important, and it will show your commitment to telling the truth. Never tell lies, even if small, and never ask them to lie for you (Eyre).

 Original: “Be completely honest with your children. This will show them how always applicable the principle is and will demonstrate your commitment to it… Never let them hear you tell little ‘convenient lies’ on the phone and never ask them to tell one for you” (Eyre).  GOOD or BAD? Children learn from their parents’ examples, especially when it comes to honesty. Parents who don’t tell or allow lies, even “white lies,” show their children the importance of telling the truth by setting a good example (Eyre).

1. READ:  Stop after each paragraph or “chunk” and ask, “What did I just read?”  Take notes = Write down a list of the main ideas.  Summarize facts, not sentences. Only use what you need.  Avoid full sentences.

Put the source away & write full sentences about what you just read, in your own words. Pretend you’re explaining to a friend. Try starting with something different/change the order of ideas. DON’T put anything in your paper that you don’t understand. DON’T cut and paste!

 ALWAYS cite right after “direct quotations,” numbers, dates, statistics.  Cite after you paraphrase (yep, even though the whole thing is in your own words!)  After about 3 paraphrased sentences from same source

Works Cited Bily, Cynthia A. The Impact of E-Waste. Chicago: Greenhaven Press, Print. Mayo, Katie. Personal interview. 16 Oct “Pollution.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 3 rd ed Print. Even if you have parenthetical citations, you still need a page at the end of your paper listing each source you used in alphabetical order…

We’re going to try writing about the type of source that might come up in your benchmark project this year.

 Avoiding Plagiarism:  Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing:   Paraphrasing Exercises:  Hacker, Diana. A Writer's Reference, Fourth Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, A really helpful book!