Technology case description Insulation Task 21 Experts meeting, Seoul 19 April 2001 Harry Vreuls Operating Agent

5 Case applications France Energy Savings Calculation for retrofit wall insulation in the household sector 2 December 2010 Netherlands Insulation and glazing 17 February 2011 version 3 Norway: Electricity savings from window retrofitting; the “Enova recommends” program Spain Retrofit wall insulation household January 2011 USA Energy and Demand Savings Calculation for Residential insulation programs in California, 29 December 2010

Elements for overview (1) General – Program name and country (title) – Technology involved (1.3) – Status of the calculation (1.4) Formula – Formula used (2.1) – Parameters (2.2) – Baseline issues (2.3) – Normalisation (2.4) – Corrections (2.5)

Elements for overview (2) Energy Savings – Calculation of the annual savings (3.2) – Calculation of the lifetime savings (3.3.2) Greenhouse gas reductions) – Calculation of the annual GHG reductions (4.1.2) – Calculation of the lifetime GHG reductions (4.2.2) Remarks – Warnings for users, general opinions experts

General Technology involved (1.3) France: Installation of wall insulation with a thermal resistance R>2.4 m2K/W. Netherlands :Insulation and glazing with R and U values of at least the values as stated in Dutch building regulation (Bouwbesluit). R-value > 3,5 m2K/W, U-value < 1,6 W/m2K, respectively. Norway A window which is in accord with three main criteria: i) Energy efficiency, ii) Quality/function and iii) Availability. In addition they must be approved by the Norwegian Door and Window control organisation

General Technology involved (1.3) Spain: – Augmentation of the thickness of the insulation layer – Substitution of windows – Improvements in the air tightness of doors and windows – Employment of passive solar radiation techniques – Employment of Phase Change Materials in walls. USA: – Attic insulation must achieve a minimum of R-30 or R-19 (if less space is available) – Wall insulation must achieve a minimum of R-13

General Status of the calculation (1.4) France: – The evaluation are officially used to measure the energy savings related for different standardised operations and equipment within the white certificates scheme. They are published in French on the Ministry web site and in a print by ATEE (“Mémento du Club C2E). – A summary description of the detailed calculation sheets with all assumptions are restricted to the stakeholders involved in the process of fixing the standard savings values. Netherlands – There is no evaluation of the amount of energy saved by the program Norway : No indication Spain: No indication USA – All of the ex-ante savings claims were based on DEER version 2004–2005

Formula: Formula used (2.1) France: – Annual savings in year t = ns x ES – Becomes: ES ij = {U 0 - (1/[(1/U 0 )+R])}* DD*CC i * 24h*IC/EFF j/ 1000 Netherlands: – Energy savings for existing buildings are generally calculated based on ISSO 82 - Energy Performance Advise - Dwellings. – Several formulas presented Spain: – the only accurate method to determine energy savings is energy simulation. – There are a number of software programs available – An example of the calculation process is showed

Formula: Formula used (2.1) Norway: USA: – Verification of installation rate for attic and wall insulation by telephone surveys and site visits – Billing analysis

Formula: Parameters (2.2) France – U 0 = U value before installation of insulation materials – R = thermal resistance of the insulation material (m 2 K/W) – DD = Average number of degree days – CC i = Climatic coefficient of climatic zone i – IC = Intermittency coefficient and incidental gain – DD = Average number of degree days – EFF j = Efficiency of heating system j – Lt disc = lifetime discounted

Formula: Parameters (2.2) Netherlands: a range of parameters for the 4 formulas Norway – The conversion efficiency for electrical heating is close to 1, for wood stoves from 50 % (old stoves) to 80 % (new efficient stoves). – Normal degree days value is available for all locations in Norway. If individual household level data are not available, a weighted average value is used (weighted by population density) – U-value for the new window is initially assumed to be 1,0.

Formula: Parameters (2.2) USA: Two models are used – CSA Model ADC it =i + β1AVGHDDit+β2 POSTt+ it Where, for each customer i and calendar month t, i is a unique intercept for each participant ADCit is the average daily therm consumption during the pre- and post-program periods. AVGHDDit, is the average daily heating degree days (base 65) based on home location. POSTt is a dummy variable that is 1 in the post-period and 0 otherwise. β1 is the average daily therm consumption per heating degree day. β2 is the average daily therm participant savings for the installed measures

Formula: Parameters (2.2) USA: Two models are used SAE Model ADC it =i + β1AVGHDDit+ β2 EE t+ it – Where, for each customer i and calendar month t, i is a unique intercept for each participant, derived by estimating the relationship using the ANCOVA procedure. – ADCit is the average daily therm or kWh consumption during the pre- and post- program periods. – AVGHDDit, is the average daily heating degree days (base 65) based on home location. – EEt is the average daily engineering estimate of savings in the post-period, and 0 otherwise. – β1 is the average daily therm or kWh consumption per heating degree day. – β2 is the average daily therm or kWh net participant realization rate. For example, a coefficient of -0.9 indicates a 90% realization rate. The SAE model yields the realization rate directly from the coefficient of β2.

Formula: Baseline issues (2.3) France: – The baseline insulation coefficient used for external wall is U o =3.3 W/ m 2 K: it corresponds to a non insulated wall. – The baseline used for the energy savings calculations is the stock average. – The baseline is static; the discounting (during the lifetime calculation) is considered to somehow take into account a dynamic baseline Netherlands: – The baseline of a separate dwelling is the energy usage per year corresponding with the energy label before any energy savings measurements are taken. – This is a "before situation" with a static baseline. The baseline is different for each specific dwelling depending on the way the dwelling was built and which techniques where used. – For calculating the baseline the same assumptions hold as for calculating the energy savings

Formula: Baseline issues (2.3) Norway: there are two principally different baselines – Enova Recommends triggers the retrofit: baseline is situation before: U-value of the old window – Enova Recommends triggers an improved retrofit : baseline is the average market window (now the standard window (U=1,6); so a dynamic baseline. Spain: not indicated / Standard wall U=0,350 W/m2K USA: The baseline was established as the energy consumption prior to the installation of insulation

Formula: Normalisation (2.4) France: No normalization has been applied Netherlands: Calculations are made based on standard conditions, among others – Average T outside = 5.64°C during heating season (212 days - 1st of October to 30th of April) – T inside = 18°C – Specified number of residents (depending on used floor area of dwelling); Range 1,4 - 3,2 residents Norway: No normalization has been applied Spain: not indicated USA: The natural gas them savings were directly calculated as annual values

Formula: Corrections (2.5) France: There is no correction Netherlands: No gross to net calculations are done. Norway: There is no correction Spain: not indicated USA: Analyses were also conducted to determine free ridership levels and the amount of spillover. The free ridership findings were used to calculate a net-to-gross value which was then used as a correction to gross savings. The spillover findings were used as an indicator of the program’s influence on participant

Discussion How to ‘correct’ the information: – Netherlands: parameters – Normalisation: repetition of baseline Two common formula? – A: model calculation – B: measurement deemed saving Conclusion(s) for each topic Other points