HIST 2117: Modern Germany Spring 2013 Lecture Eight: The Kulturkampf and Social Integration

Cultural and Religious Division in Germany Bismarck’s Vision of Unity under Prussia Rudolf Virchow and Protestant Attitudes Towards Catholicism The Perceived Threat of Ultramontanism Papacy of Piux IX Windthorst and the Rise of the Center Party

Steps to Suppression of Catholic Culture Pulpit Paragraph 1871 Adalbert Falk -- May Laws 1873 Papal Encyclical of 1875 Center Party and Catholic Faith

Second Thoughts on Catholic Repression Liberal Backlash Catholic Labor Movement Negotiations with Windthorst Death of Pius IX

Reichsfeinde/Reichsfreunde Kulturkampf as Expression of Bismarck’s Divide and Conquer Strategy Other Scapegoats – Adolf Stoecker – Christian Social Party – Agricultural Cooperative Movement

The Growing Problem of the Working Class Lassalle and Bismarck Lassalleans vs. Eisenachers Liebknecht and Bebel Creation of Social Democratic Party (SPD) 1875 Socialist Propaganda: Vorwarts Assassination Attempt on William I

The Habsburg Monarchy after 1866 The Ausgleich of 1867 Nature of the Dual Monarchy German-Austrian Alliance Austria’s Continuing Nationalism Problem