English Civil War & Glorious Revolution

Monarchs work with Parliament  From 1485 to 1603 English monarchs believed they had the divine right to rule  Monarchs also understood the need for a good relationship with Parliament  Parliament – legislative branch of England  Parliaments power:  Legalize actions of monarchs  Approve funding for taxes and war  Consultants of monarchs

Let the Revolutions Begin JAMES I  After Elizabeth died with no heir, her cousin James Stuart took the throne  James I was already king of Scotland but became King of England as well  Clashed with Parliament over funding for wars, taxes and court affairs

CHARLES I  Poor relationship with Parliament  Parliament refused to approve Charles increase in taxes unless he signed the Petition of Right  Petition of Right –  prohibits king from raising taxes without Parliaments consent  prohibits king from jailing anyone without legal justification

 Charles signed doc. and then dissolved Parliament  Ignored petition and ruled England without Parliament for 11 yrs.  Forced new religious ideas on people in England and Scotland resulting in rebellion  Needed funds to fight the rebellion and turned to Parliament for help  When they met Parliament launched its own rebellion against the crown  Declared that it could not be dissolved without its own consent  Executed chief ministers and consultants to the king

English Civil War  Charles responded by attempting to arrest top Parliamentary leaders  Leaders escaped and raised their own army causing civil war  Civil war lasted from 1642 until 1651

Cavaliers vs. Roundheads  Supporters of the crown were called Cavaliers – heavily favored to win  Wealthy  Well trained  Supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads  Town dwelling manufacturers  Puritans

 Roundheads were led by Oliver Cromwell  Cromwell organized a New Model Army where officers were selected for skill rather than social class  Cromwell’s well-disciplined army beat Cavaliers  By 1647 King Charles was at the mercy of Parliament

Off With His Head!  King was put on trial  King was publicly executed  First time a monarch was tried and executed by his own people  Clear message – No ruler could claim absolute power and be above the law!

Cromwell and the Commonwealth  England was declared a republic under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell  Republic - officials are chosen by the people  Issues continued between supporters of the old monarch and religious groups (Catholics)  Cromwell suppressed any outside aggression by limiting the people’s rights

 Eventually Cromwell took on title Lord Protector and ruled as a dictator  Puritans took control of society  Theaters, taverns were closed  Sunday was set aside for religious observance  Encouraged religious education  Once Cromwell died in 1658, the Puritans lost control of England

CHARLES II  1660 Parliament welcomed Charles II as new monarch  Charming, popular king  Reopened theaters, taverns and held a lively court  Accepted the Petition of Rights  Had a better relationship with Parliament

JAMES II & the Glorious Revolution  Inherited throne in 1685  Openly practiced Catholic faith angering many Protestant followers  Many were afraid he would restore Roman Catholic Church  Parliament invited his own daughter Mary and her husband William to overthrow the king  When Mary and William landed with army, James fled  Bloodless overthrow became known as Glorious Revolution

English Bill of Rights  Before being crown Mary and William had to accept acts passed by Parliament  Acts became known as English Bill of Rights:  Guaranteed Parliaments power over monarchs  Gave Parliament control over spending – “Power of the purse”  Guaranteed trial by jury  Abolished excessive fines and unjust punishments  Affirmed habeas corpus – no person can be held in prison without being charged first  Limited rights of Catholics  Created a limited monarchy  Limited monarchy - constitution or legislative body limited the monarch power

Constitutional Governments Evolve  After Glorious Revolution Britain’s constitutional government evolved  Constitutional Gov’t – a gov’t whose power is defined and limited by the law  Political Parties were developed  Tories – aristocrats, preserve older traditions, broad royal powers  Whigs – favored Parliament over crown, supported religious toleration

 The cabinet system developed  A handful of parliamentary advisors to set policies and advise the king  Prime Minister became an official title  Prime minister was the head of cabinet  Became chief official of British gov’t  Overtime power of Prime Minister would exceed that of the monarch

 In your timeline you must discuss :  6 people/leaders  12 Events – each event must have a brief description which can include individual leaders  6 pictures – pictures must represent events DO NOT draw a picture of a monarch  You may set up your timeline however you want but it must be easy to follow and read  Your timelines should not include dates but they should follow the sequence of events during the time period English Civil War Timeline