An Analysis of the Tropical Cyclone Cirrus Canopy Using HS3 and TCI Observations Patrick Duran and John Molinari University at Albany, SUNY 32 nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology San Juan, Puerto Rico April 18, 2016 Supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the TCI initiative

Hurricane Nadine 9/14/2012-9/15/2012 Lawnmower pattern was flown over Nadine during the evening and overnight hours. Intensified from TS to hurricane during the flight. Will focus on dropsonde observations from three transects across Nadine’s cirrus canopy. Figure from flight report on HS3 website

Hurricane Nadine – 9/14/ UTC T b = -28 C CPL Cloud Top T = -77 C T b -inferred Cloud Top

Hurricane Nadine – 9/14/ UTC T diff = 5 K

Hurricane Nadine 9/14/2012-9/15/2012

Hurricane Nadine 9/15/2012

Stronger static stability in lower stratosphere Secondary stable layer ~1-2 km below tropopause. Dropsondes deployed within Nadine’s cirrus canopy observed a very different stability structure than those deployed outside the cirrus canopy.

How does the temperature profile relate to IR brightness temperature? Stratify all HS3 sondes deployed within 500 km of a TC by the structure of the upper- tropospheric temperature profile. Three categories: – “Smooth” profile – “Sharp” profile – “Multiple stable layer” profile

28% 42% 45% Sharp and multiple stable layer profiles are more common in cold cirrus. Why?

Idealized axisymmetric CM1 simulation

TCI 2015 Deployed 786 dropsondes during 11 flights in four TCs (Erika, Marty, Joaquin, and Patricia) Captured the rapid intensification of Joaquin and Patricia from tropical storm to major hurricane strength Here we will focus on 3 flights into Patricia Hurricane Patricia from WB-57 cockpit (Courtesy Joe Gerky)

HDSS dropsonde system deployed sondes every minute in the inner core. We will focus on these high- resolution inner core transects.

Hurricane Patricia – Upper-tropospheric θ 21 October 2015

Hurricane Patricia – Upper-tropospheric θ 22 October 2015

Hurricane Patricia – Upper-tropospheric θ 23 October 2015

Hurricane Patricia – Upper-tropospheric θ 21 October October October 2015 What causes this elevation of the tropopause in the inner core?

Hurricane Patricia – Upper-tropospheric N 2 21 October 2015

Hurricane Patricia – Upper-tropospheric N 2 22 October 2015

Hurricane Patricia – Upper-tropospheric N 2 23 October 2015

21 October October October 2015 Temperature anomalies from the Dunion Moist Tropical Sounding Inner-core tropopause elevation appears to be caused by the development of the upper-tropospheric warm core, possibly due to subsidence from the stratosphere into the troposphere.