Design of a Low Return Loss Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for 4G & WLAN Applications Loaded with Metamaterial Lens Authors: Maninder Singh Varun Marwaha Abhishek Thakur Hardeep Singh Saini Naveen Kumar 28 April 2017

Outline Introduction Comparison between Patch and PIFA Metamaterials Objectives Design Methodology Simulations Results Conclusion References 28 April 2017

Introduction An Antenna converts electromagnetic radiation into electric current, or vice versa. Why do we need of Antenna ? For transmission and reception of the radio signal. For electromagnetic waves carry signals through the air (or through space) at the speed of light with almost no transmission loss. Wireless performance is completely dependent on a high performance antenna design and implementation.  28 April 2017

Antenna Type/ Parameters Comparison Antenna Type/ Parameters Microstrip Patch PIFA Radiation Pattern Directional Omnidirectional Gain High Moderate to high Modeling & Fabrication Easier to fabricate and model Easier fabrication using PCB Applications Satellite Communication, Aircrafts Internal antennas of Mobile phones Merits Low cost, Low weight, Easy in integration Small size, Low cost, Reduced backward radiation for minimizing SAR Problems No bandpass filtering effect, surface-area requirement Narrow bandwidth characteristic 28 April 2017

A unit cell of Split Ring Resonator (SRR) Metamaterials These are artificial materials that derive their properties from their structures and cannot be acquired in nature Also called left-handed metamaterial i.e. –ve µ & -ve ɛ A unit cell of Split Ring Resonator (SRR) 28 April 2017

Objectives The objectives of the work are as follows: To design, simulate PIFA structure with Metamaterial superstate lens. To investigate the application of metamaterial To make the comparison in terms of Gain, Bandwidth, Radiation pattern between proposed PIFA antenna with and without metamaterial. 28 April 2017

Design Methodology Selection of design parameters like size of antenna, substrate material, feed technique etc. Selection of suitable Metamaterial technique. Designing and modeling the antenna structure in the software. Simulating and optimizing the antenna structure to achieve desired frequency bands. 28 April 2017

With Metamaterial Layer Simulations Results Proposed Design TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW With Metamaterial Layer

Detailed Dimensions Parameter Value (mm) Length of Ground plane 44 Width of Ground Plane 20 Length of Top Patch 18.5 Width of Top Patch Height of Antenna 3.8 Length of shorting plate Width of Shorting plate 6.5 28 April 2017

Return Loss (S11) w/o Metamaterial Layer Return loss of -41.30 dB is obtained at resonant frequency 2.59 GHz.

Return Loss (S11) with Metamaterial Layer Return loss of -18.69 dB is obtained at resonant frequency 2.34 GHz. This shift occurs due to the property of Metamaterial layer which makes us to reduce the dimensions of the antenna to obtain the same resonant frequency.

Radiation Pattern

Gain Without metamaterial layer With metamaterial layer

VSWR The assessment of VSWR is below 2 dB which is observed from the graph clearly. It shows 0.19 dB at the resonant frequency.

COMPARISON OF SIMULATED RESULTS OF PROPOSED ANTENNA Parameters Simulated results without Metamaterial Layer Simulated results with Metamaterial Layer Resonant Frequencies 2.59 GHz 2.34 GHz Return Loss (S11) - 41.30 dB -18.69 dB Overall Impedance Bandwidth 618 MHz 655 MHz Overall Gain 3.29 dB 4.41 dB 28 April 2017

Conclusion There are few conclusions that can be drawn from this thesis work: A low profile PIFA is proposed which occupies a volume of 44 mm × 20mm × 3.8mm and hence can be used in portable wireless devices such as mobile phones, USB dongles etc.  The proposed antenna covers LTE 2300 MHz & 2500 MHz and WLAN (2.4-2.48 GHz) frequency bands with low return loss of -41.30 dB. We can conclude that use of Metamaterial layer enhances gain and bandwidth of the proposed antenna. There is 34 % rise in the value of overall peak gain of the antenna while bandwidth is increased by 6 %. 28 April 2017

References Kin-Lu Wong, “Planar Antennas for Wireless Communication”, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chapter: 2, Pages: 26-65, 2003. AbuTarboush, R. Nilavalanl, D. Budimir and H. S. Raweshidyl, “Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for WiMAX Application,” Wireless Network and Communication Research Centre, BruneI University, West London. M. F. Abedin and M. Ali, “Modifying the Ground Plane and Its Effect on Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFAs) for Mobile Phone Handsets,” antennas and wireless propagation letters, IEEE, vol. 2, 2003. Hang Wong, Kwai-Man Luk, Chi Hou Chan, Quan Xue, Kwok Kan So, Hau Wah Lai, “Small antennas in Wireless Communications”, Proceedings of the IEEE Journal, Vol. 100, No. 7, Page(s): 2109 – 2121, July 2012. Iulian Rosu, PIFA–Planar Inverted F Antenna [ONLINE] AVAILABLE: http://www.qsl.net/va3iul W. Geyi, Q. Rao, S. Ali, and D. Wang, “Handset Antenna Design: Practice And Theory”, Progress In Electromagnetic Research Journal (PIER) , Vol. 80, Pages : 123–160, 2008. M. F. Abedin and M. Ali, “Modifying the Ground Plane and Its Effect on Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFAs) for Mobile Phone Handsets,” antennas and wireless propagation letters, IEEE, vol. 2, 2003. Hung-Hsuan Lin; Chun-Yih Wu; Shih-Huang Yeh, "Metamaterial enhanced high gain antenna for WiMAX application," TENCON 2007 - 2007 IEEE Region 10 Conference , vol., no., pp.1,3, Oct. 30 2007-Nov. 2 2007 Gummalla, A.; Cheng-Jung Lee; Achour, M., "Compact metamaterial quad-band antenna for mobile application," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2008. AP-S 2008. IEEE , vol., no., pp.1,4, 5-11 July 2008. Li Xin-yuan; Fu Jia-hui; Zhang Kuang; Hua Jun; Wu Qun, "A compact wideband planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) loaded with metamaterial," Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC), 2011 , vol.1, no., pp.549,551, 26-30 July 2011 28 April 2017