National Technical University of Athens Unit of Environmental Science and Technology Prof. Maria Loizidou Fotis Kourmousis, PhD candidate Nicosia, 5 th May, 2006 LIFE 3 rd countries: Development of best management systems for high priority waste streams in Cyprus

2 Scope - objectives Develop management systems for: Construction and Demolition Waste (C&D) Comply with EU environmental legislation

3 6th environmental action program of the EU 1. Hazardous 2. Municipal 3. Industrial 4. Hospital 5. Packaging 6. Sludge 7. Waste oils 8. End of life vehicles (ELVs) 9. Construction & demolition 10. Waste from electric & electronic equipment (WEEE) “TOP 10” PRIORITY WASTE STREAMS:

4 Implementation of project 6 tasks: Analysis of characteristics of the C&D waste stream. Presentation of the existing situation concerning its management Inventory of the quantities and generation sources – forecasting Multi-criteria decision support tool Techno-economic study Dissemination Management and reporting to EC

5 Task 1/6 Characteristics analysis & present situation actions: Description of the waste composition and characteristics Determination of the problem and environmental impacts Identification of all actors involved Determination of all the responsible competent authorities

6 Task 2/6 Inventory & forecasting actions: Development of the inventory methodology and tools Implementation of the inventory Development of an appropriate database Input of information into the developed database – Assessment of data

7 Task 3/6 Multi criteria decision support tool actions: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology that will be used Setting, description and calibration of the assessment criteria that will be used for the evaluation Description of the alternative scenarios – management systems that are possible for implementation Quantification of the criteria for each alternative scenario – Input of the data in the multi-criteria software tool – Screening of each alternative management system according to its applicability

8 Task 4/6 T echno-economical study actions: Full techno-economical study for the implementation of the optimum management system for the C&D waste stream

9 Task 5/6 Dissemination actions: Meeting of the steering committee, partners and directors Workshops Seminars and training courses Conference Website, leaflets, publications etc.

10 Task 6/6 Management and reporting to the EC actions: Determination of the beneficiary’s and partner’s key-staff and responsibilities Reporting to the EC

11 Organization and structure Management committee Beneficiary: N. Georgiades (project coordinator), K. Papastavros, Th. Messimeris Partner: M. Loizidou (scientific responsible), K.J. Haralambous, A. Papadopoulos Technical – scientific committee Steering Sub committee: C&D

12 Steering committee : C&D Representatives from: Environment Service – Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (beneficiary) National Technical University of Athens (partner) Ministry of Interior of Cyprus Association of companies deals with construction works Association of contractors/builders Cypriot Technical Chamber Statistic Service of Cyprus Ministry of transport and public works

13 General progress Organization of project Collection of data: contacts with Statistical Service and relevant parties involved Analysis of data Trips abroad Database Workshops for raising awareness

14 Steps Development of alternative scenarios with multi-criteria analysis Techno-economic study Selection of final scenarios Dissemination of project results

15 Task 1: Analysis of the characteristics of the waste stream – Presentation and assessment of the existing situation Start/end date: – Activities: Subtask 1.1: Description of the characteristics of the waste stream – Determination of the potential environmental impacts Subtask 1.2: Recording of the current situation related to the management of the C&D waste stream Subtask 1.3: Identification of all actors involved in the generation and management of the waste stream Subtask 1.4: Determination of all the competent authorities that are responsible for the control and monitoring of the management systems Deliverables: List of the waste stream’ characteristics, composition and potential environmental impacts ( ) List of existing management practices ( ) List of the actors and competent authorities involved ( )

16 Task 1: activities and outcome Subtask 1.1: Description of the characteristics of the waste stream – Determination of the potential environmental impacts: The characteristics and the composition of C&D waste stream as well as of their dangerous substances were described in detail. Also, the potential environmental impacts which are related to the generation of these wastes are determined and assessed

17 Task 1: activities and outcome Subtask 1.2: Recording of the current situation related to the management of the C&D waste stream: The European and Cypriot environmental policy and legislation concerning the C&D waste stream under examination were recorded and analyzed The procedures and practices applied in Cyprus for the management of C&D waste stream Complete were illustrated The effectiveness and the sustainability of the existing management schemes and systems were assessed

18 Task 1: activities and outcome Subtask 1.3: Identification of all actors involved in the generation and management of the waste stream: All the actors involved in the life cycle of the products from which the waste are generated (producers, importers, transporters and users of products) were recorded

19 Task 1: activities and outcome Subtask 1.4: Determination of all the competent authorities that are responsible for the control and monitoring of the management systems: All the competent authorities involved in the permitting, control and monitoring of the management systems and plants that will be constructed in Cyprus were recorded. Also, the effectiveness of the existing procedures that are followed by the competent authorities were evaluated. The existing situation in Cyprus concerning the generation and the procedures applied for the management of the three waste streams was assessed overall - The weak points were determined and suggestions for improving were developed.

20 Deliverables of Task 1 Report (Deliverable 1 of 1 st Progress Report) including:  Description of the characteristics of the waste stream – Determination of the potential environmental impacts Recording of the current situation related to the management of the C&D waste stream Identification of all actors involved in the generation and management of the waste stream Determination of all the competent authorities that are responsible for the control and monitoring of the management systems

21 Task 2: Detail inventory of the sources and quantities of waste stream– Forecasting of the future quantities that will be generated Start/end date: – Activities: Subtask 2.1: Development of the inventory methodology and tools Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory Subtask 2.3: Development of an appropriate database Subtask 2.4: Input of information into the database Deliverables: Information spreadsheets ( ) Questionnaires ( ) Catalogue of sources and quantities of wastes ( ) Completed database ( ) Report with primary collected data ( ) Report with evaluated data ( )

22 Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.1: Development of the inventory methodology and tools: The inventory programme (steps that must be followed for the collection of complete, representative and up-to-date data) was designed All the actors and authorities involved in the generation and management of C&D waste stream, were recorded, individually The actors and authorities which could provide data related to the C&D waste stream were selected (it must be mentioned that the primary data kept by the actors and authorities does not refer to waste quantities but could be used as a basis for the extraction of quantitative data) Three informative spreadsheets were developed and distributed to the actors and authorities involved for their information about the project The collection of the primary data was supported by questionnaires that were developed and distributed to the actors and authorities involved in order to collect data kept by them that are useful for the calculation of the quantities generated in the country per waste stream (the content of each questionnaire was adapted to the type and the form of the data kept)

23 Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: A. Collection and recording of primary data and information necessary for the estimation of the quantities of the waste stream An extensive inventory programme took place in order to collect all the information related to the generation of the C&D waste stream under examination. In particular, for each one of the C&D waste stream, the following analytical primary data and information were collected and recorded

24 Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: Construction and demolition waste: Number of licenses for the construction of new buildings, number of licenses of new constructed buildings, number of buildings that were demolished, total volume of new constructed buildings, total surface of new constructed buildings, data concerning the companies involved in construction and demolition works as well as the road enchorial transport of construction and demolition waste.

25 Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: B. Assessment and evaluation of the primary collected data – Estimation of the quantities of C&DW generated in Cyprus – Future projections All the primary collected data was used for the determination of the quantities of the three waste streams under examination that were generated in Cyprus as well as for the estimation of the future quantities that will be generated. The calculation of the quantities generated was carried out using appropriate mathematical equations and models.

26 Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: End-of-Life-Vehicles: For the calculation of the ELVs generated in Cyprus, a mathematical model that was developed by the NTUA (partner) in the framework of its participation in the Thematic Center on Waste and Material Flows of the European Environmental Agency was used. The data that was input into the model for the determination of the quantities of the waste stream under examination was: Number of vehicles that were imported to Cyprus per type and per year Number of licensed vehicles per type and year Stock of vehicles per type and year Age of vehicle per type and year

27 Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: Construction and Demolition Waste: For the calculation of the quantities of C&D waste, a mathematical model that was developed by the NTUA (partner) in the framework of its collaboration with Eurostat was used. The model calculates the quantities of construction waste and demolition waste, individually Calculation of construction waste: The key data that was used as input into the model are: i. number of new buildings per year ii. total surface of new buildings iii. volume of waste generated per m 2 of building’s surface and iv. density of waste generated Calculation of demolition waste The key data that was used as input into the model are: i. number of buildings that are demolished per year ii. average number of floors per demolished building iii. Average total surface of each building iv. volume of waste generated per m 2 of building’s surface and v. density of waste generated.

28 Number of new buildings per year

29 Total surface of new buildings

30 Number of buildings that are demolished per year

31 Volume of waste generated from the construction of new buildings per year

32 Volume of waste generated from the demolition of buildings per year

33 Total volume of construction and demolition waste per year

34 Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: Construction and Demolition Waste: The results obtained by the development of the model include the quantities of construction and demolition waste generated in Cyprus till 2003 (based on the primary data that was available for the purposes of the programme). From the results obtained it is shown that the quantities of the C&D waste were decreased till 1992 while these quantities remained almost constant for the time period between 1992 – 2003 (ranging from 20 to 30 thousands tons per year). The decreasing rate of the quantities of C&D waste reflects the low constructive activity that have taken place in Cyprus in the past years (construction of new buildings, repairing of existing buildings, construction of new hotels and touristic complexes, etc.)

35 Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.3: Development of an appropriate database: An appropriate database was designed and developed for the C&D waste stream

36 Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.4: Input of information into the database: All the data collected during subtask 2.2 was insert into the database developed via subtask 2.3. Using appropriate software tools, this collected material was assessed (the assessment includes forecast for future generation of the waste stream under examination). Also, this database provides the user with the capability to demonstrate the results in graphics.

37 Deliverables of Task 2 Information spreadsheets-Questionnaires (Deliverable 1 of 1 st Progress Report Report with primary collected data - Catalogue of sources (Deliverable 1 of Interim Report) Quantities of waste stream under examination - Report with evaluated data (Deliverable 2 of Interim Report) Completed database – Deliverable of the next Progress Report (December 2005)

38 Task 3: Implementation of an appropriate multi-criteria supporting tool – Selection of management systems Start/end date: – Activities: Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology Subtask 3.2: Setting, description and calibration of the assessment criteria that used for the evaluation Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems Subtask 3.4: Quantification of the criteria – Input of the data in the multi- criteria software tool – Screening of each management system according to its applicability Deliverables: Multi-criteria decision software tool ( ) List of criteria used ( ) Report with alternative management systems Ranking of alternative management systems according to their applicability Optimum management system for C&D waste stream

39 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology: Alternative multi – criteria decision methods were recorded and examined: I. Decision supporting tool based on the use of an aggregation function of groups of criteria Step 1: Determination and selection of all the individual criteria - Classification of criteria in categories of criteria (groups of criteria) Step 2: Each group of criteria are numerically weighed (factors of gravity), according to their importance (degree of importance) - The sum of the factors of gravity is 1 (100%) Step 3: Each individual criterion is numerically weighed (factor of gravity), according to its importance in each group of criteria - The sum of the factors of gravity is 1 (100%)

40 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology: Step 4: Development of the multi-criteria model, based on the aggregation function: F (O)= Σ Ai *Οi where: Οi : each group of criteria Αi : factor of gravity of each group of criteria Σ Ai =1 (100%), Step 5: Analysis of the characteristics of each individual criterion and quantification of their performance in a scale of 1 – 10. Step 6: Recording of the actual characteristics of each individual criterion for each alternative scenario – Rating of their actual performance according to the scale set in Step 5. Step 7: Input of the data obtained in step 6 into the multicriteria model (aggregation function) for each alternative scenario - Grading of the results for each scenario Step 8: According to the results obtained from step 7, all the alternative scenarios are ranked (the scenario with the highest score is ranked first)

41 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology: II. Decision supporting tools based on the determination of individual criteria and comparison of alternative scenarios per couple for each criterion Step 1: Determination and selection of all the individual criteria Step 2: Each individual criterion is numerically weighed (factor of gravity), according to its importance - The sum of the factors of gravity is 1 (100%) Step 3: Development of the multi-criteria model: Models: ELECTRE – PROMETHEE (I, II) Step 4: Analysis of the characteristics of each individual criterion and quantification of their performance in a scale of 1 – 10. Step 5: Recording of the actual characteristics of each individual criterion for each alternative scenario – Rating of their actual performance according to the scale set in Step 5. Step 6: Input of the data obtained in step 5 into the multi-criteria model for each alternative scenario – Ranking of alternative scenarios according to their suitability after comparison per couple According to their effectiveness, the most suitable multi-criteria model was selected: PROMETHEE II

42 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.2: Setting, description and calibration of the assessment criteria used for the evaluation: All the assessment criteria were set, described and calibrated (14 criteria in four groups of criteria). Table 1 presents the criteria and groups of criteria used.

43 Table 1: Individual criteria and groups of criteria Social - InstitutionalEnvironmentalEconomicalTechnical Harmonization with the legislative framework Level of potential effects to the environment – Demands on anti-pollution systems Cost of constructionPerformance Adopting of legislative priorities Air emissionsOperational and maintenance costs Existing experience - reliability Social acceptanceGeneration of wastewaterSpace demandsVersatility to local conditions Possibility of creation of new jobs Generation of solid waste – residues Flexibility Noise pollution Visual annoyance

44 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems: All the scenarios- management systems that are possible for implementation were recorded and examined

45 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems: The management of the ELVs includes main individual steps: Disassembling – Recovery of materials for recycling/reuse Shredding Separation of shredding streams According to: the level of disassembling procedure (disassembling of parts in sequential stages: removal of liquids and their containers, battery, windows, doors, tires, engine) or complete disassembling the management practices of the materials recovered after disassembling the management practices of the materials separated after shredding (ferrous and non ferrous metals, shredding residual)

46 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems: Demolition Waste: Demolition → Landfilling Demolition → Use of materials for banking up and other landscaping works Conventional demolition → Transfer of mixed recyclable materials to Recycling Centre → Transfer of non recyclable material to landfill Conventional demolition → Recovery of mixed recyclable materials on site and recycling of inorganic materials in a mobile recycling unit → Transfer of recyclable non inorganic materials to Recycling Centre and non recyclable material to landfill Partial selective demolition → Transfer of mixed recyclable materials to Recycling Centre → Transfer of non recyclable material to landfill Partial selective demolition → Recovery of mixed recyclable materials on site and recycling of inorganic materials in a mobile recycling unit → Transfer of recyclable non inorganic materials to Recycling Centre and non recyclable material to landfill Complete selective demolition → Transfer of mixed recyclable materials to Recycling Centre → Transfer of non recyclable material to landfill Complete selective demolition → Recovery of mixed recyclable materials on site and recycling of inorganic materials in a mobile recycling unit → Transfer of recyclable non inorganic materials to Recycling Centre and non recyclable material to landfill Complete selective demolition → Recovery of individual recyclable materials, separately, on site and recycling of inorganic materials in a mobile recycling unit → Transfer of recyclable non inorganic materials to Recycling Centre and non recyclable material to landfill

47 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems: Construction Waste Landfilling Use of materials for banking up and other landscaping works Transfer of mixed recyclable materials to Recycling Centre → Transfer of non recyclable material to landfill Recovery of mixed recyclable materials on site and recycling of inorganic materials in a mobile recycling unit → Transfer of recyclable non inorganic materials to Recycling Centre and non recyclable material to landfill Recovery of individual recyclable materials, separately, on site and recycling of inorganic materials in a mobile recycling unit → Transfer of recyclable non inorganic materials to Recycling Centre and non recyclable material to landfill The alternative management schemes vary according to the following parameters: Type of demolition procedure Location of waste management (on and/or off-site) Demolition procedures: Conventional Partial selective demolition Complete selective demolition

48 Sequence of procedures applied during selective demolition

49 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems: Selection of site for C&DW management The selection of the site where the management of the waste (breaking and separation) could take place (on – site or off- site) is based on the following parameters: Availability of machines Required quality of recyclable materials in order to be used in the worksite On-site space availability Distance between the worksite and the nearest Recycling Centre or sanitary landfill

50 Management technique according to the content of waste

51 Flow diagram for the management of C&DW in a Central Recycling Centre

52 Mobile unit for the management of C&DW

53 Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.4: Quantification of the criteria – Input of the data in the multi-criteria software tool – Screening of each management system according to its applicability: All the criteria used for the evaluation of alternative scenarios for C&D waste stream were quantified in accordance to their performance All the data that were collected and assessed in subtask 3.3, will be used by the multi-criteria software tool in order to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative management system for C&D waste stream.

54 Deliverables of Task 3 Multi-criteria decision software tool (Deliverable of the next Progress Report) List of criteria used (Deliverable of the next Progress Report) Report with alternative management systems (Deliverable of the next Progress Report) Ranking of alternative management systems according to their applicability (February 2006) Optimum management system for C&D waste stream (February 2006)

55 Task 4: Carrying out of a techno-economic study for the implementation of the optimum management system of C&D waste stream Start/end date: – Activities: Subtask 4.2: Development of a techno-economic study for the implementation of the optimum management system of C&DW Deliverables: Full techno-economic study for the implementation of the optimum management system of C&DW ( )

56 Task 5: Dissemination Activities Start/end date: Activities: Organization of Conference Scientific publications Development and updating of the project website Preparation and distribution of printed material describing the project Organization of workshops, seminars and training courses Advertisements Preparation and distribution of leaflets Deliverables: Minutes from the meetings with stakeholders Proceedings of the final conference Proceedings of workshops Website Publications Leaflets Information material for seminars and training courses

57 Task 6: Management & Reporting to EC Start/end date: Activities: effective management of the project and fulfilment of the activities included visit of the representatives of the EC to Cyprus – Presentation of the project ( ) preparation and submission of reports to the EC Deliverables: Minutes of the meetings between the partners: Dec. 2003, Feb.2004 (3 meetings), May 2004, Nov. 2004, Feb. 2005, May 2005, Sept Progress reports (1st: 30/6/2004, 2nd: 31/12/2005) Interim technical and financial report (31/03/2005) Final technical and financial report (15/09/2006) Auditing report (31/07/2006)

58 Προς συζήτηση… Εκτιμώμενες ποσότητες παραγόμενων αποβλήτων Κριτήρια πολυκριτηριακής ανάλυσης Στάδια Συστήματος Διαχείρισης Επιλογή βέλτιστων σεναρίων διαχείρισης