Romanesque Art-1 Chapter 15

Theme Card “Build it (block by block) and they will come.” This theme borrows a line from the film, Field of Dreams: “Build it and they will come.” –Romanesque period as a time of building churches. –The “block by block” refers to the use of stone for building, the development of new vaulting techniques, and the “blocky” appearance of the Romanesque style. –“They will come” refers to the advent of pilgrimage and the impact it had on the scale of Romanesque churches and their locations.

Romanesque Culture 11 th and 12 th Century European style Means “Roman Manner” –Refers to the Architecture- return to “Clunky” Begin to see nations forming Inherited Power and putting friends into power 1095 Pope Urban II demands the taking back of the holy lands- CRUSADES First Universities formed- roman scrolls found

France and Northern Spain France begins consolidating power Iberian peninsula (Spain & Portugal) remained divided between the Christians and the Muslim Rulers

The pilgrims journey People would take a pilgrimage to religious places and stop at specific places along the way Relics would be houses in this stopping points that would have things like … The bone of this Saint Or the virgin’d dress when she gave birth Etc… Santiago Compostela

Title: Transept, Cathedral of Saint James, Santiago de Compostela. View toward the crossing Date: 1078–1122 Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain. The cathedral is the reputed burial- place of Saint James the Greater, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ. It is the destination of the Way of St. James 97 m long and 22 m high. It preserves its original barrel-vaulted cruciform Romanesque interior. a nave, two lateral aisles, a wide transept and a choir with radiating chapels. is the largest Romanesque church in Spain

Title: Reconstruction drawing (after Conant) of Cathedral of Saint James, Santiago de Compostela

Title: Plan of Cathedral of Saint James, Santiago de Compostela, Spain The barrel-vaulted nave the groin-vaulted aisles Nave and Aisles consist of eleven bays, wide transept consists of six bays. Every clustered pier is flanked by semi- columns Lit galleries run, at a remarkable height, above the side aisles around the church.

Title: Cross Section of The Cathedral of Saint James, Santiago de Compostela (Drawing After Conant) Compound pier- a column or pier with attachments Sanctuary- sacred or holy enclosure used for worship Tympanum- lunette over doorway Choir-section of church used for clergy usually fitted with screens and stalls/seats

The Sainte-Foy abbey-church in Conques was a popular stop for pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela It was built in Romanesque style, using a warm-colored local limestone infilled with a local gray schist. draw for medieval pilgrims at Conques were the remains of Sainte Foy, a martyred young woman from the fourth century. double purpose: to accommodate the flock of pilgrims a community of monks to gather for the divine office seven times a day Title: Abbey Sainte-Foy in Conques Date:

Title: Reliquary Statue of Sainte Foy (Saint Faith) Medium: Silver gilt over a wood core, with added gems and cameos of various dates Size: Height 33" (85 cm) Date: Late 9th or 10th century with later additions A HOLY RELIC Stolen from Saint Ages in a “holy Robbery” Holy robbery was when the “Saint” said she wanted to be moved The skull of Saint Foy also referred to as Holy Faith, young martyr girl from the 4 th century Face made of a roman parade mask Inlayed jewels and cameos Gold repousse, over wood core

Title: Reconstruction drawing of the Abbey at Cluny, Burgundy, France. 1088–1130. View From The East.

Cluny independent status answering only to Rome Influential and prosperous Attracted successive patronage from rulers 300 monks and many went on to found more than 200 priories Monks were well disciplined and educated Landholding made it wealthy Build Cluny III which was the largest church in Europe at 98 ft high, 40 ft span, and 450 ft long Widely influential

Title: Plan of The Abbey of Notre-Dame, Fontenay, Burgundy, France, 1139–47

Title: Nave, Abbey Church of Notre- Dame, Fontenay Date: 1139–47 Oldest surviving Cistercian structure Simple geometric plan Long nave with rectangular chapels in the square ended transept Despite simple plan, architectural elements still reflect those of their time Harmonious proportions and fine stonework, not lavishly decorated Pointed ribbed vaulting over nave, pointed arches in nave arcade Compound piers Very few window

Title: Doubting Thomas Medium: Pier relief Size: figures nearly life-size Date: c Known as Architectural sculpture This relief sculpture is on a pier Christ invited Thomas to touch his crucifixion wounds Strong diagonal formed by hand Christ larger

Name this building? Which religion is this building directly associated with? Discuss the buildings structure and ornamentation in relation to its religious significance.

Title: South Portal and Porch, Priory Church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac Date: c Source/ Museum: Tarn-et-Garonne, France Romanesque portal- stop on pilgrimage Carved Tympanum- complex works of folklore, religious symbolism, and biblical narratives Still bears traces of original paint Jesus with halo and mandorla large and in the center 4 evangelists along the sides 2 angels 24 crowned elders- motion 2 nd coming of christ

Title: Trumeau, South Portal, Priory Church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac Date: c Source/ Museum: Tarn-et-Garonne, France Trumeau- is the post between the doors Lions and the prophet Jeremiah Saint Paul on left 2 pairs of Lions cross in an “x” shape in the front Body made to fit the curve of the post, Decorative rosettes and scallops resemble Islamic art This sculptures were made shortly after the first crusade Twisting body, stylized lions and vegitation

Artist: Gislebertus Title: Last Judgment, Tympanum on West Portal, Cathedral (Originally Abbey Church) of Saint-Lazare, Autun Date: c. 1120–30 or 1130–45 Source/ Museum: Burgundy, Francejudgment day, terror reigns down on the human souls, hands scoop up souls, Jesus still large and in charge, with halo and mandorla, very expressive twisted faces and bodies, delicate web like detailing much like illuminated manuscripts

Title: Capital: Suicide of Judas, Cathedral of Saint- Lazare, Autun Date: c From a capital, underneath would have been a Corinthian column Stylized plant life adorn background Flying demons or beasties, judge and help The Gospel of Matthew says that Judas returned the money to the priests and committed suicide by hanging himself