Sport, Leisure and Tourism Exam Practise

1a) Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe..... [3 marks] MarksSuccess Criteria 1 Describes / paraphrases source only marks = uses source well OR reasonable use of source with some own knowledge. 3 marks = Places source in historical context AND provides background detail from own knowledge.

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe how different types of media influenced spectator sports during the 1920s and 1930s. (3) [Front cover of a football magazine published throughout the 1920s and 1930s]

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe the appeal of radio in the 1920s and 1930s. (3) [The front cover of the Radio Times magazine, published in the 1920s]

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe the development of sporting facilities during the 20 th Century. [3] Facility Sports halls11180 Swimming pools25143 Squash courts86442 Indoor tennis centres09 Artificial pitches072 Indoor bowls halls027 Ice rinks02 Figures showing increasing sports facilities in Wales, 1972 – 1997.

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe the growth of television in the twentieth century. [3] DateNumber of TV licenses issues ,000, ,000, ,000,000 Figures showing TV licenses issued between 1962 and 1968.

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe the appeal of holiday camps in the 1930s [3]. Advertising poster from the late 1930s.

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe Chapel activities in the early 1900s [3] Image of an annual Sunday School parade from early 20 th century.

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe the appeal of the Olympics from the late 1940s [3] Image from the 1948 London Olympics

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe the development of organised sport in the first half of the 20 th century [3] Image showing travel arrangements to an FA Cup match in 1939

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe sporting facilities in the mid 20 th century [3] Image showing the plan of a rugby stadium in the mid – 20 th century

Use Source A and your own knowledge to describe the English tourist industry in the late 20 th century [3] English Heritage advertising banner from the 1990s.

1b) Explain why... [ 6 marks] MarksSuccess Criteria Description only OR only one reason given Gives more than one reason. Focus on EXPLAINING Range of reasons fully explained.

Explain why sporting events have attracted controversy across the 20 th century. (6) Explain why the appeal of cinema changed across the 20 th century. (6) Explain why the Queen’s coronation in 1953 was important for the development of television. (6) Explain why there have been increased opportunities to take part in sport from the late 20 th century (6)

Explain why spas and inland resorts were popular with tourists in the early twentieth century. [6] Explain why holiday camps became popular in the 1930’s. (6) Explain why the cinema was important in the growth in popularity of sport. (6) Explain why the 1936 Olympics caused controversy. (6) Explain why National Parks were set up in the 1950s. [6]

1c) Why do Sources B and C have different viewpoints? [8 marks] MarksSuccess Criteria Describes content of sources. Generalised answer Focuses on either content OR authorship to offer limited explanation about extent of difference = more emphasis on HOW they are different Focuses on content AND authorship to offer explanation about extent of difference = emphasis on why each source has that particular view. Considers personal view vs hindsight Developed explanation about extent of disagreement. Good analysis of authorship and this impact on interpretation. Compares authorship of sources. Use of own knowledge.

The televising of football in Britain has generated vast sums of money for the sport not only from deals for television rights but also from the sponsorship opportunities that greater coverage of the sport has provided. This influx of capital has arguably allowed football, for example, to improve many aspects of the game including the stadia, professionalism in performance and staging of events, and provided new resources to support grassroots developments. Source B [G. Channel and J Williams, sports lecturers writing in their academic article The Rise of Satellite Television, 1993] We now have reached a stage where sport at the top level has become completely show business with everything that one associates with show business – the cult of the individual, high salaries, the desire to present the game as a spectacle. This has meant more money, less sportsmanship and more emphasis on winning. All this has come about because of the huge influence of television. Source C [Dennis Fellowes, Chairman of the British Olympic Association, speaking in 1983 ] Why do Sources B and C have different views about the impact of television on sport in the later twentieth century? (8) [In your answer you should refer to both the content of the sources and to the authors.]

The magic of television came into my home in 1951, when I was in my early teens. The arrival of the magic box transformed my life. Oh happy days! From then on, my whole life focused on that tiny ‘box of delights’ and its memorable viewing. Thank you, television! Source B [Gerry George, a TV presenter and actor, recalling his memories of television on an internet website (2010)] Since the 1950s, television has affected the lives of virtually everyone in Wales and England in some way. Some of the effects have been positive, but many have been negative. Some reports claim that television has had a bad affect on lifestyles as it stops families talking to each other; others say there is too much bad language and violence on television. Source C [Tom Barrance, a media historian, writing in a GCSE history textbook, Sport Leisure and Tourism since 1900 (1998)] Why do Sources B and C have different views about the impact of television on everyday life in the later twentieth century? (8) [In your answer you should refer to both the content of the sources and to the authors.]

Source B: I have great concerns over professionalism in sport. When rugby turned professional in 1995, it closed the door to the highest levels of the game to people like teachers, electricians, doctors, plumbers and to others who played rugby for enjoyment. Professional rugby has wiped out such opportunities. [John Dawes, former international rugby player of the 1960s and 1970s and Welsh national coach, writing in his memoirs (2005)] Source C: In most sports the labels ‘amateur’ and ‘professional’ are now out of date. Professional sport now requires higher standards. Full-time training is necessary in nearly all sports for the highest level of competition. Modern athletes can only succeed with financial support from their governing bodies. [P. Beashel and J. Taylor, university lecturers in sports science, writing in their specialist book, Sport Examined (1992)] Why do Sources B and C have different views about professional sport? [8] [In your answer you should refer to both the content of the sources and to the authors]

Source B: To fly you abroad, we use a fleet of super aeroplanes. They are called the ‘Lollipop line’ because of their bright colours. These planes, powered by Rolls Royce engines, fly you to the sun at 550 miles an hour. Majorca is only two hours away. That’s much faster than going by car to most British resorts. Air travel is the future and it is wonderful. [From a TV advertisement for package holidays to Spain (1970)] Source C: Since the 1980s increasing air travel for holidays abroad has had a hidden cost. By 2050 pollution from air travel in the UK will rise to 66% of total pollution. Air travel is the fastest growing source of carbon emissions in the UK and bigger airports will mean more flights and more pollution. It will be impossible for us to meet our long- term climate targets if we keep flying as much. [Tony Bosworth, an environmental campaigner with Friends of the Earth, interviewed on the BBC news (2008)] Why do Sources B and C have different views about air travel since the 1970s? [8] [In your answer you should refer to both the content of the sources and to the authors]

2a) How did.... MarksSuccess Criteria General / simple answer Detailed and accurate understanding shown. Specific examples needed.

How did cinemas develop during the 20 th century? (4) How did attitudes to women in sport develop across the 20 th century? (4) How did pop music influence entertainment from 1960 to the present day? (4) How did the role of the radio change during the second world war? (4) How did sport become affected by major sporting controversies? (4)

How did a sporting star that you have studied impact upon their sport? (4) How did the rich spend their holidays in the early twentieth century? (4) How did the traditional seaside town attract tourists in the first half of the twentieth century? (4)

2b) Explain why.... [6 marks] MarksSuccess Criteria Describes situation OR only 1 reason given Gives more than one reason Full explanation focused on a range of reasons. Evaluate importance of key issue – compare / link to other developments.

Explain why television became a popular form of entertainment from the 1950s onwards (6) Explain why participation in sport grew in the second half of the 20 th century. (6) Explain why there was a growth in spectator sport in the early 20 th century (6) Explain why there was a difference between amateur and professional sport in the early 20 th century. (6) Explain why more people took holidays in Britain from 1945 to [6]

2c) How successful have.... [8 marks] MarksSuccess Criteria General answer, lack of focus Answer starts to address concept of success. Mostly description Focus on concept of success. Accurate contextual support = specific examples Detailed analysis of scale / extent of success. Accurate support / evidence.

How successful has radio been as a form of entertainment across the 20 th century? (8) How successful have disabled athletes been in participating in sport since World War Two? (8) How successful have women been in taking part in sport from 1900 to the present day? (8) How successful has the contribution of the radio been to the growth in popularity of sport up to 1970’s? (8)

How successful has the influence of television been on entertainment in the late twentieth century?(8) How successful has the influence of the package holiday been on tourism in the late twentieth century? (8) How successful has the impact of the motor car been on British tourism from the 1960s? (8) How successful has popular music been on entertainment in the 1950s and 1960s? (8)

3a) Outline briefly.... [4 marks] MarksSuccess Criteria Listing weak points More accurate and focused list of factors, linked to times / decades.

Outline briefly the key changes in the holidays of British people in the 20 th century. (4) Outline briefly how the idea of a teenager developed in the second half of the 20 th century. (4) Outline briefly the effect of sponsorship on sport. (4) Outline briefly the key achievements of a sporting star that you have studied (4) Outline briefly the growth of professionalism in sport between 1900 and 1945 (4)

3b) Has....been the most important.... [12 marks] MarksSuccess Criteria SPaG level Simple response. Little support Begins to discuss issue. 4 = one sided answer OR weak 2 sided (little support) 5 – 6 = developed one sided answer OR weak to sided answer but with more contextual support Reasoned analysis, maybe lacking detail. 7 = very good one sided, good support OR unbalanced 2 sided answer with good support. 8 – 9 = Developed analysis but lacking some detail or balance Developed and well substantiated analysis. 10 = Good balance, mostly accurate and relevant support. 11 – 12 = Good balance, fully accurate and relevant support. 3

Has transport developments been the most important factor (reason) in causing changes in holiday patterns? (12) Has radio been the most important development in popular entertainment from 1900 to the present day? (12) Has the use of computers and the internet been the most important development in popular entertainment since 1900? (12) Has sponsorship been the most important reason for the increasing popularity of sport since 1900? (12)

Has the introduction of theme parks been the most important development in holiday patters in Wales and England since 1900? (12) Has television been the most important development in popular entertainment from 1900 to the present day? (12) Has air travel been the most important development in changing holiday patterns in Wales and England from 1900 to the present day? (12)