Periodic Table Trends

OUTCOME QUESTION(S): S How is the Periodic Table organized for the elements and what trends exist? Vocabulary & Concepts MendeleevPeriodGroup FamilyAlkali metalsEarth metals Transition MetalsChalcogensHalogens Noble gases

ElementModern SymbolsAlchemist SymbolsDalton Symbols AntimonySb ArsenicAs BismuthBi CarbonC CopperCu GoldAu IronFe LeadPb MercuryHg SilverAg SulpherS TinSn ZincZn Elemental symbols originated from a Greek or Latin root word

Mendeleev (1870) Russian scientist and professor Arranged the 63 elements by atomic mass Noticed a repetition of properties (periodicity) Called the pattern of properties “Periodic Law” Mendeleev (correctly) predicted the mass of elements yet to be discovered and left spaces open for them

Modern Periodic Law: “The properties of elements are a periodic function of increasing atomic number” We know now that most element properties are due to the number of valence electrons Moseley (1913) Experiments showed proton number was a better method to organize the elements. Repetition of properties (periodicity) became more clear

An updated Periodic Table containing ALL 118 elements – separated into metal and non-metal atoms make up EVERYTHING in the Universe. M e t a l s Non-metals

Rows of the periodic table are called periods. Elements in periods do not have similar properties Left to right Elements change from metals to non-metals periods Non-metal Element with properties opposite to those of metals (brittle, dull…)

Columns of the periodic table are called groups. Elements in groups have similar properties A family is a group with a specific name: Alkali metals Alkaline Earth metals Chalogens Halogens Inert (noble) gases GROUP Family names and locations need to be memorized

Transition Metals: groups 3 – 12 unique properties different from group 1 and 2 metals (make coloured compounds, speed up chemical reactions…)

Hydrogen* Group 1 Non-metal gas 1 valence electron Simplest atomic structure - only 1 e - and 1 p + Highly chemically reactive The placement of hydrogen is only because of its structure - 1 proton… Sometimes a table will have it raised above the Alkali Metals to avoid confusion

The LESS electrons needed, the GREATER the chemical reactivity of the element Increasing Reactivity A Chemical Reaction Movement of electrons between combiningatoms that results in the formation of a NEW substance.

What trends (“periodicity”) have you found?

CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? S How is the Periodic Table organized for the elements and what trends exist? Vocabulary & Concepts MendeleevPeriodGroup FamilyAlkali metalsEarth metals Transition MetalsChalcogensHalogens Noble gases