Ancient Greece and the Persian War Virginia SOL Standards 5A, 5c, & 5D

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3pM5hEgBk4 Cornell Notes

Ancient Greece Map

Not able to support a huge population http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnoNc6HVQnk Limited arable land Little agriculture Very mountainous Surrounded by water Trade was done by sea Not able to support a huge population Geography led to the development of independent city-states throughout Greece. Greek Geography

Mycenaeans and Minoans Settled in Greece around 2000 BC Strong kings dominated Greece until about 1100 BC Fought in the Trojan War Minoans Had a complex writing system Made contact with the Mycenaeans around 1500 BC Influenced the culture of the Mycenaeans in areas of: religion, literature, politics, and art. Both civilizations had a tremendous impact on Western civilization Mycenaeans and Minoans

Early Economy and Society Commerce and trade spread early because of the geographic challenge. Early shift from a barter economy to a standard coin economy. Early Economy and Society

Political Development Mountainous terrain both helped and hindered the development of city-states. Greek cities were designed to promote civic and commercial life. Colonization was prompted by overpopulation and the search for arable land. Political Development

Women and foreigners had no political rights. Citizens (free adult males) had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation in government. Women and foreigners had no political rights. Slaves had no political rights. Social Structure

Proximity to the sea led to a powerful navy Some rights for women, but not many Had a democratic-style government Emphasized education, culture, and creativity Athens

Located in southern part of Greece – known as Peloponnesus Oligarchy (rule by a small group) Rigid social structure Militaristic and aggressive society Focused more on land battles Sparta

Persian War – A Common Enemy Despite their differences, the Persian Wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire. Start of War: Ionian Greeks revolted in Persian territory Darius, Persian King, vowed to destroy Athens. Shift from bronze to iron weapons increased the size of military. Weapons more affordable = more people in military Soldiers used a strategic formation known as a phalanx: Soldiers standing closely side by side with spears and shields Persian War – A Common Enemy

Persian War – Battle of Marathon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgijJ-zdHow In 490 BC, 25,000 Persian men cross the Aegean Sea to land at Marathon. 10,000 Athenian men waited for their attack. Although outnumbered, Athens was victorious. 10,000 Persian casualties and 200 Athenian casualties A man named Pheidippides ran 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to share news of the victory. Persian War – Battle of Marathon

Persian War – Battle of Thermopylae and Battle of Salamis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVmYxlxaZAM Thermopylae 10 years later, a new Persian leader, Xerxes vowed revenge Fought in a narrow mountain pass against 7,000 Greeks, including 300 Spartans Greeks held off Persia for 3 days, but a secret path was found by the Persians, which led to their victory. Xerxes went on to set fire to Athens Salamis Naval battle Smaller Greek ships were able to outmaneuver Persian ships. Another victory for the Greeks and a huge turning point Persian War – Battle of Thermopylae and Battle of Salamis

Greek city-states formed the Delian League Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture. Greek city-states formed the Delian League Over 200 city-states Athens used its power to control the Delian League Persian War - Outcome