Macromolecules

Carbon 4 valence e - s Forms strong covalent bonds “back bone”

Macromolecules Giant molecules Made of polymers – Made of monomers monomerpolymer macromolecule

Four Classes of Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Protein Lipids Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Energy Main job - Energy structurecellulose Plants also use for structure  cellulose Sugar Ex) Sugar, starch, bread, pasta Glucose -> C 6 H 12 O 6 -1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Monosaccharides – single sugars Polysaccharides – many monosaccharides

Lipids Stores energy Stores energy Not soluble in water Mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms Also found in cell membrane, insulation Ex) cooking oil, body fat, butter

Proteins cell processes reactions Control cell processes and reactions Muscle, bone, skin, enzymes N Contain C, H, O, and N – Amino group (-NH 2 ) – Carboxyl group (-COOH) Monomers - amino acids Polymers - polypeptide chain

Nucleic Acids genetic information Store and transmit genetic information – heredity/genetics P Made of C, H, O, N, and P Monomers – nucleotides – 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base Two Types: – DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid – RNA – Ribonucleic Acid