Economic & Social Development (5a) Agriculture limited by little arable land. –Tiny, fertile valleys between mountain ranges –Difficult to support a large population with little farmland & fresh water 1

Commerce & spread of Hellenic culture –Hellenic = Greek –Expansion of Greek civilization through trade & colonization led to spread of Hellenic culture across Mediterranean & Black seas –Natural harbors & access to seas helped trade –Trade also spread Greek language, art, science and literature 2

Shift from barter to money economy Barter Economy Money Economy 3 Athens/Attica Tetradrachm circa B.C.

Political Development Mountainous terrain hindered the development of city- states –Rugged mountains separated people from each other and hindered contact. –Terrain kept Greeks from uniting under 1 government Mountainous terrain helped the polis to became the basic political unit Polis - Small, independent city-state of Ancient Greece –Polis consisted of a city & its surrounding countryside, which included many villages –People were loyal to their polis 4

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Cities promoted civic & commercial life –Male citizens gathered at agora or acropolis –Acropolis: Fortified part of an ancient Greek city, typically atop a hill Colonization was due to overpopulation and the search for more arable land –Shortage of arable land to feed growing population led to Greek colonies 7 Agora-public centerAcropolis-fortified hilltop

Social Structure & Citizenship (5c) Polis - an independent political unit (City-State) In the Greek polis: –Citizens were only free adult males Had political rights Responsibility of civic participation in government –Women and foreigners had no political rights –Slaves had no political rights 8

Ancient Athens CO - SWBAT describe the political & social aspects of Ancient Athens LO – SWBAT pronounce and use Democracy, polis, & tyranny in a sentence 9

VIII. Ancient Athens Classical Athens developed the most democratic system of government the world had ever seen –Not everyone could participate in decision-making (e.g., youths, females, foreigners, and slaves could not) –Slaves formed 1/3 of Athenian population, had little rights. 10

–Athens was a foundation of modern democracies –Citizens (i.e., free adult males) shared directly in political decision-making –Athenian democracy was a major contribution to Western civilization 11

Athenians were eager to learn because they were educated to think and act as free people Athenians valued: –Beauty –Individuality –Freedom of thought Stages in evolution of Athenian government: –Monarchy –Aristocracy –Tyranny –Democracy 12

Monarchy Ruled by a king Rule was hereditary Some believed in Divine Right Aristocracy Nobility ruled the polis Rule based on land ownership An Oligarchy is when a small group of wealthy people run the Polis. Tyranny Gained power by getting support from the poor and discontented for support Democracy Rule by the people 13

Monarchy –Kings or monarchs ruled the polis –Rule is hereditary –Some rulers claim divine right 14

15 Aristocracy –Nobility ruled the polis –Hereditary rule based on land ownership –Social status and wealth support rulers’ authority –At times, a few wealthy merchants & artisans took power and formed an oligarchy, rule by a few wealthy people $$$

Tyranny –Tyrants gained control and ruled –Appealed to the poor and discontented for support –Unemployed farmers artisans joined in revolt against the previous ruler 16

17 Democracy –Polis ruled by citizens –Rule is based on citizenship (free adult males) –Youth, females, foreigners and slaves were excluded from participation –Majority rule decides –Practiced as early as 461 B.C. in Athens 17

Government in Athens (5c)(Cont) Tyrants like Draco and Solon worked for reform Draco wrote the first written code of laws in 621 B.C. –Draco’s written code of laws dealt mainly with contracts and property ownership –However, Draco’s code of laws included an unfair practice, debt slavery –Because of debt slavery, conflicts between the aristocrats and the poor continued 18

Government in Athens (5c)(Cont) Despite Draco’s written code of laws, Athens was threatened with civil war in 594 B.C. To avert war, aristocrats chose Solon to head the government and reform laws –Solon outlawed debt slavery –Allowed participation & debate in Athenian assembly –Citizens could also bring charges against wrongdoers –Economic reforms, like the export of grapes & olives, benefited Athens and led to profitable trade 19

Government in Athens (5c)(Cont) Origin of Athenian democratic principles –Direct democracy: rule by the people –Public debate: in assembly and agora (city center) –Duties of citizens: participate in decision-making Cleisthenes’ reforms in 508 B.C. led to greater democracy –Reorganized assembly to break up power of nobles –Increased power of the assembly by allowing all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage 20

Match the vocab to the correct definition – Write the number and vocab word, and only write the matching letter 1.Citizen 2.Agora 3.Money 4.Colonies 5.Polis 6.Acropolis 7.Democracy 8.Arable A.A fortified hilltop B.Fertile land C.Government by the people D.In Ancient Greece they only included free, adult, males E.Independent political unit of Ancient Greece F.These were formed by the Greeks when the mainland peninsula became overpopulated G.Town center of any Greek city- state H.Type of economy that replaced a barter economy 21

Exit Ticket Read Lesson 2: The Greek City-States (Pages ) –Complete the Lesson 2 Review Read Lesson 3: Athens (Pages ) –Complete the Lesson 3 Review 22