Catcher in the Rye & the 1950s

The Catcher in the Rye Bringing you America’s most popular loner teenager since 1951

The Catcher in the Rye Author: J.D. Salinger Publication date: 1951, although Salinger was working on the novel for the last half of the 1940s, after he returned from his service in World War II.

Suburban Living: The Typical TV Suburban Families The Donna Reed Show Leave It to Beaver Father Knows Best The Ozzie & Harriet Show

The Classic American Family Family roles were fairly traditional in Salinger’s day: Dad was the sole provider and the head of the household Mom was most often a homemaker – cooking, cleaning and taking care of her husband and kids

And the kids? Education was much less of a priority than it is today. If the kids finished high school, college was a relatively rare option. – Getting a job and getting married straight out of high school were much more common. – How does this compare to your plans?

What changed? After World War II ended (1945), the old- school family structure and roles started to change a bit – Victorious war effort left the U.S. much more financially stable…people had money again! Woohoo! – And what do people do when they have money?

Spend It! In the late 1940s/early 50s, there were two consumer products that helped to create our modern concept of the teenager: – The television – The automobile So, how would an increase in TV and car purchases change American families? And more specifically, how would these purchases impact teenagers?

Consumerism

The Culture of the Car Car registrations: 1945  25,000,  60,000,000 2-family cars doubles from  Interstate Highway Act  largest public works project in American history! Å Cost $32 billion. Å 41,000 miles of new highways built Chevy Corvette 1958 Pink Cadillac

TVs/Hollywood Advertising split Americans into demographics (men, women, old, young, teen, etc.) “Family time” changed Different shows appealed to different ages Attractive people – the pin-ups

Teen Culture “Juvenile Delinquency” Marlon Brando in The Wild One (1953) James Dean in Rebel Without a Cause (1955) 1951  J. D. Salinger’s A Catcher in the Rye

1950s2010s Kate Upton James Franco Marilyn Monroe James Dean

Teen Culture In the 1950s the word “teenager” “teenager” entered the American language. By 1956 13 mil. teens with $7 bil. to spend a year  “race music”  “ROCK ‘N ROLL” Elvis Presley  “The King”

1950s Elvis Presley 2000s Justin Timberlake

Cars More accessible + more affordable Detract from family Sense of freedom Images of “cool” Emergence of fast food Possibilities for drinking + sex

The new teenager So all in all, the 1950s saw the birth of “the modern teenagers,” as we think of them Holden Caulfield, the narrator of The Catcher in the Rye, is arguably the first modern teenager of literature.

Teen Culture The “Beat” Generation : Jack Kerouac  On The Road “Beatnik” “Clean” Teen

Teen Culture Behavioral Rules of the 1950s: Obey Authority. Control Your Emotions. Don’t Make Waves  Fit in with the Group. Don’t Even Think About Sex!!!

Religious Revival Today in the U. S., the Christian faith is back in the center of things. -- Time magazine, 1954 Today in the U. S., the Christian faith is back in the center of things. -- Time magazine, 1954 Church membership: 1940  64,000,  114,000,000 Television Preachers: 1. Catholic Bishop Fulton J. Sheen  “Life is Worth Living” 2. Methodist Minister Norman Vincent Peale  The Power of Positive Thinking 3. Reverend Billy Graham  ecumenical message; warned against the evils of Communism.

Key questions as we read Catcher: What are the pros, cons and responsibilities of each age group? Why does Holden have such a difficult time fitting in? What makes Holden so relatable as a narrator? Similarities/differences between Holden’s issues and the issues of today’s teens? What are Holden’s priorities? Why? How does J.D. Salinger use symbolism to help develop his themes over the course of the novel?