  Italian Renaissance ◦ Sculptor ◦ Painter ◦ Architect ◦ Poet ◦ Engineer  Exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art  Considered a contender for the archetypal Renaissance Man (in a battle with da Vinci!)

 Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty.  Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: ◦ The scenes from Genesis on the ceiling ◦ The Last Judgment on the altar wall (both in the Sistine Chapel in Rome)  In a demonstration of Michelangelo's unique standing, he was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive.  In his lifetime he was also often called Il Divino ("the divine one").

 At thirteen, Michelangelo was apprenticed to the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio. ◦ When Michelangelo was only fourteen, his father persuaded Ghirlandaio to pay his apprentice as an artist, which was highly unusual at the time.  When in 1489 Lorenzo de' Medici asked Ghirlandaio for his two best pupils, Ghirlandaio sent Michelangelo and Francesco Granacci. ◦ From 1490 to 1492, Michelangelo attended the Humanist academy which the Medici had founded along Neo Platonic lines. ◦ Michelangelo studied sculpture under Bertoldo di Giovanni.

Pietá Location: St. Peter’s basilica, Vatican City Marble (It is the only piece Michelangelo signed.) Michelangelo was 24 years old when he sculpted this Christ is life- sized Mary would be 7’ tall if she were to stand up Paradoxes: Jesus’ veins course with life Mary’s face is young Sister Wendy – Disc 3, “Rome” – 6:25

David ’ tall, marble Symbol of Florence’s resistance and independence Celebration of the human form on a grandiose proportion. “As David defended his people and governed with justice, so should [Florence] be defended with courage and governed with justice” - Vasari

Michelangelo was 26 when he produced this. The statue was originally supposed to be placed on the roof of the Florence Cathedral, but it was eventually decided that it would stand next to the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio. Moving David upright from the shed in which Michelangelo carved it to the Piazza took 40 men, 4 days, beams and ropes, and 14 rollers beneath it. This piece sealed his fame: he was incontestably the greatest sculptor in Italy.

Tomb of Pope Julius II Rachel, Moses, and Leah 50’ tall Rachel (left) represents the contemplati ve life – hands in prayer. Leah (right) represents the active life – looking into mirror to actively contemplat e her own life.

Laocoon Group Discovered in Rome in 1506 – Michelangelo watched it as it was unearthed

Moses (Detail from the tomb of Pope Julius II) Over twice life-size “horns” are a translation error – “rays of light” – when Moses radiated light after speaking with God

The “slaves” probably symbolize the human soul imprisoned in the brute matter of the body, according to the Neo-Platonic doctrine. These were unfinished figures intended for the Tomb of Julius II and are now located in the Louvre. Dying SlaveRebellious Slave

The Doni Tondo 1504 Tempera on wood 47 1/4” The Holy Family, Painted for Angelo Doni Triangular shape – colors separate and isolate poses Background/ledge

Detail from... The Doni Tondo

RENAISSANCE POPES OF THE 16 TH CENTURY Julius II ( ) – Patron of Raphael and Michelangelo Leo X ( ) – Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent; Patronized Michelangelo. Excommunicated Martin Luther. Hadrian VI ( ) – ferocious reformer Clement VII ( ) – Commissioned the Medici tombs in Florence; Excommunicated Henry VIII; commissioned The Last Judgment Paul III ( ) – Commissioned Michelangelo to build the Farnese Palace in Rome. Council of Trent in 1545 first met. Julius III ( ) – Jusiuts in 1550; Appointed Michelangelo as chief architect of St. Peter’s.

Pope Julius II “The Warrior Pope” Responsible for re-building St. Peters and other commissions in the Vatican Removed all traces of the Borgia (Alexander VI) from the Vatican

Donato Bramante, Architect Julius II’s choice to redesign and oversee construction of St. Peters Became bitter enemy of Michelangelo, who reported Bramante’s cheap materials, shoddy workmanship, and poor planning to Julius. Distant relative of Raphael; responsible for earning the young artist an enormous commission in Julius’ library

Exterior of the Sistine Chapel

Sistine Chapel Ceiling fresco ’x44’ Sister Wendy – Disc 1, “Michelangelo and Raphael” – 24:13 Lowest Zone – (set off by zig- zagging bands) - Biblical ancestors of Christ Second Zone – enthroned Sibyls and Old Testament prophets Third Zone – 9 panels, episodes from Genesis

Lowest Zone: (set off by zig-zagging bands) Biblical ancestors of Christ Second Zone: Enthroned Sibyls and Old Testament prophets Third Zone: 9 panels, episodes from Genesis

Detail from the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel The Creation of Adam

Detail from The Creation of Adam - The Hand of God Located on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Rome

 1. Separation of Light from Darkness  2. Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants  3. Separation of the Earth from the Waters  4. Creation of Adam  5. Creation of Eve  6. The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden  7. Sacrifice of Noah  8. The Deluge  9. Drunkenness of Noah

Separation of Light from Darkness (with ignudi and medallions) 1511

Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants 1511

Separation of the Earth from the Waters (with ignudi and medallions) 1511

Creation of Adam 1510

Creation of Eve (with ignudi and medallions)

The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden

Sacrifice of Noah (with ignudi and medallions) 1509

The Deluge

Drunkenness of Noah and medallions) 1509

 The Libyan Sibyl  The Delphic Sibyl  The Erythraean Sibyl  The Cumaean Sibyl  The Persian Sibyl

The Delphic Sibyl 1509

The Erythraean Sibyl 1509

The Cumaean Sibyl 1510

The Persian Sibyl 1511

The Libyan Sibyl 1511

 Zechariah  Joel  Isaiah  Ezekiel  Daniel  Jeremiah  Jonah

Zechariah 1509

Joel 1509

Isaiah 1509

Ezekiel 1510

Daniel 1511

Jeremiah 1511

Jonah 1511

 Judith and Holofernes  David and Goliath  Punishment of Haman  The Braze Serpent

Judith and Holofernes 1509

David and Goliath 1509

Punishment of Haman 1511

The Brazen Serpent 1511

The Last Judgment, Located on the Wall of the Sistine Chapel 40’x45’ Fresco Michelangelo was 61 when he started this. anacademy.org/last- judgment-sistine- chapel.html

 Florence, Italy

Dome of St. Peter’s 1546 to 1564 Designed by Michelangelo when he was 71 (which would have greatly distressed Bramante)