Evidence for Evolution  Fossil Record  Comparative Anatomy  Comparative Embryology  Genetics-DNA  Industrial Melanism

Fossil Record  Oldest organisms found in the deepest layers and moving up through the layers organisms become more and more complex…and recent  A timeline of evolution found within the layers of the earth

Biogeography  Distribution of organisms throughout the world  Organisms that live under similar ecological conditions have similar adaptations-

Convergent Evolution  Unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

Look similar but are not closely related. They adapted similar adaptations because they live in similar biomes.

Homologous Body Structures  Similarity in body parts in different organisms.  Differ in function but similar anatomy  Structures evolved from common ancestor

Different form & function but structurally (anatomically) similar.

Vestigial Organs  Structures which have lost all or most of their original function Human Examples: 1. Wisdom teeth 2. Appendix 3. Tailbone (coccyx) 4. Ear Muscles

Ear Muscles: move ears towards sound Appendix: was used in early humans to help digest cellulose (herbivore diet) Tail bone (coccyx): remnant of lost tail

Embryology  Similarities between embryo development of vertebrates  Embryo: 1 st stage of pregnancy  All vertebrate embryos contain the same basic genetic information & result in homologous structures. Ex) Gills of fish and lungs of land animals.

Which one is human?

Similar DNA structure = related