1 Lynn Vaughan

2 Hydro = water Year 1 - Turbidity

3 How much of our land is water? GLOBE TOSS

4 How Wet Is Our Planet? Two thirds to three fourths of Earth’s surface is covered with water.

5 Oceans97.2% All icecaps/glaciers 2.0% Groundwater 0.62% Freshwater lakes 0.009% Inland seas/salt lakes 0.008% Atmosphere 0.001% All Rivers % Total % Water on Earth

6 Fresh Water for Human Use Groundwater 0.62% Freshwater lakes 0.009% Rivers % Total %

7 Imagine »1. Oceans Tablespoons »2. Icecaps/glaciers Tablespoons »3. Groundwater 7.93 Tablespoons »4. Freshwater lakes 0.11 Tablespoons »5. Inland seas/salt lakes 0.1 Tablespoons »6. Atmosphere Tablespoons »7. Rivers Tablespoons Five Gallons of Water 1280 Tablespoons = If all the Earth’s water could fit in a five-gallon aquarium…

8 That’s A Lotta Water !

9 SPLASH WORDS

10 Summary-4th 4 th grade students will choose and map a site for hydrology data collection protocols.4 th grade students will choose and map a site for hydrology data collection protocols. Students may take weekly or periodic collections.Students may take weekly or periodic collections.

11 GLOBE PROTOCOLS/Course of Study Globe Protocols are authentic (real-world) applications.Globe Protocols are authentic (real-world) applications. Standard 3- Recognize how light interacts with transparent, translucent, and opaque materials.Standard 3- Recognize how light interacts with transparent, translucent, and opaque materials. Standard 7- Describe geological features of Earth, including bodies of water.Standard 7- Describe geological features of Earth, including bodies of water. Standard 8 – Identify technological advances: Example- GPS.Standard 8 – Identify technological advances: Example- GPS.

12 Making It All Fit Together

13 What is GLOBE? Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the EnvironmentGlobal Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment K-12 International Science/Education ProgramK-12 International Science/Education Program Students collect scientific dataStudents collect scientific data Report to GLOBE via InternetReport to GLOBE via Internet

14 How GLOBE Began It was Earth Day in 1994 when plans were announced for a new program called GLOBE. The idea was to create a worldwide network of students working with educators and scientists to learn about their environment, make measurements of key indicators of the Earth system, and share their results and experiences. One year later, Earth Day 1995 marked the official beginning of operations for the GLOBE program.

15 Leading the Way! Vice-President Al Gore led the initial efforts to create the program. However, it is not a political program, rather it is an effort to expand environmental education around the world.

16 Why GLOBE & AMSTI? Authentic application of modulesAuthentic application of modules Student use of computers/technologyStudent use of computers/technology Inquiry learning/higher-order thinkingInquiry learning/higher-order thinking

17 Vocabulary Words Transparent- most light passes throughTransparent- most light passes through Translucent- some light passes throughTranslucent- some light passes through Opaque- no light passes throughOpaque- no light passes through Make foldableMake foldable

18 Turbidity/Transparency Turbidity- The cloudiness of waterTurbidity- The cloudiness of water Transparency- The clarity of waterTransparency- The clarity of water Simply 2 ways of referring to the same thingSimply 2 ways of referring to the same thing Ex: Is the glass half-empty of half-full?Ex: Is the glass half-empty of half-full?

19 What is turbidity? Why is it important? Establish a working definition of water/transparency and turbidityEstablish a working definition of water/transparency and turbidity List reasons to study turbidityList reasons to study turbidity

20 Why is it important? Transparency data can give a good indication of the biological productivity of a water body. Small changes in nutrient inputs can cause changes in productivity and therefore transparency. Depth at which light penetrates determines depth at which rooted plants can grow.

21 What is turbidity? Small particles can scatter light causing it to become cloudy. Scientists measure how deeply into the water light is able to penetrate. This is actually how clear or cloudy the water is. It also refers to transparency.

22 Why does turbidity change? Warmer weather can cause too much plant growth which decreases transparency. Winter months, decreased sunlight and colder temperatures - lower algae growth leading to an increase in transparency. Transparency is not a good indicator of water quality.

23 Transparency Provides information on how many particles are in water, but does not reveal nature of the water. Therefore, a clear water sample, with a high transparency could contain harmful substances. While a more turbid sample could be harmless.

24 Turbidity Tube Materials: Clear tube (approximately 4.5 cm x 120 cm) PVC cap Permanent waterproof black marker Vinyl Meter Tape

25 Directions for Construction On the bottom of the inside of the PVC cap draw a Secchi disk pattern (alternating black and white quadrants) with the black marker. Put the PVC cap cover over one end of the tube. Cap tightly.

26 Turbidity Tube Use the marker and meter stick to draw a scale on the side of the tube. The bottom of the inside of the PVC cap where the disk pattern is drawn is 0 cm. Mark every cm up from that point

27 Turbidity Measures only the amount of light that is scattered by suspended particles.

28 Clinometer Measures slope- what is the slope of the land leading to the water source?

29 Global Positioning System For GPS information, view the “GPS PowerPoint 2008”

30

31 What is a transect? A transect is a straight line placed on the ground along which ecological measurements are taken.

32 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Determine Site LocationDetermine Site Location

33 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Measure a line 15 meters either side of the sampling site.Measure a line 15 meters either side of the sampling site. X X15m15m Sampling Site

34 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Reference the transect to a permanent object such as a tree or boulder.Reference the transect to a permanent object such as a tree or boulder. X

35 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Mark the transect with flags every two meters.Mark the transect with flags every two meters. X2m

36 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Draw the transect line on your grid.Draw the transect line on your grid. X

37 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Measure from each flag to the edge of the water.Measure from each flag to the edge of the water. X

38 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Plot these points on your grid sheet.Plot these points on your grid sheet. X

39 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Connect the plot points with a line.Connect the plot points with a line. X

40 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Draw other significant details.Draw other significant details. X

41 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Note sampling location, directions, and reference points.Note sampling location, directions, and reference points. X X N

42 Transect Mapping a Water Sampling Site Save your finished transect map for future comparison.Save your finished transect map for future comparison. Mail a copy to GLOBE!Mail a copy to GLOBE! X N

43 For Help: Jerry Cobbs AMSTI-GLOBE Technology Specialist Lynn Vaughan AMSTI-GLOBE Resource Specialist Robin Nelson AMSTI-GLOBE Coordinator AMSTI-GLOBE The GLOBE Program