Prenatal Development & Birth Chapter 19 - Pacheco
3-8 Weeks – Embryo Formation of: Amniotic Sac Umbilical cord
0-2wks: Spinal cord, Brain, Ears, Arms 3-8wks: Mouth, nostrils, eyelids, hands, feet, toes, cardiovascular system is developed 9-14wks: sex organs, eyelids, fingernails, sucking of thumb First Trimester 0-14 weeks
Second Trimester weeks 15-20wks: blinking, body grows, limbs reach full proportion 21-28wks: 12 inches long, hearing bones are developed, sensitivity to light and dark
Third Trimester weeks All 5 senses Begins to pass water from the bladder
Prenatal Care - Medrano
Importance of Prenatal Care Who: Obstetrician or Midwife Where: Birthing center or Hospital Physicals: -Blood Tests -Pelvic Exam -Weight monitoring -Blood pressure
Proper Nutrition During Pregnancy Necessary Nutrients – Calcium – Protein – Iron – Vitamin A – Folic acid High Caffeine = increased risk of birth defects
Health of the Fetus Smoking Causes Low Birth Weight Growth Impairment Mental Development Issues Behavior Issues
Health of the Fetus FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
Health of the Fetus FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
Health of the Fetus Threatens the mother and fetus Addiction-Withdrawal
Health of the Fetus Environmental Hazards Lead Smog Radiation Cat Litter
Complications Miscarriage – expulsion of a fetus prior to 20wks Stillbirth – a dead fetus expelled from the body after 20 wks.
Complications Preeclampsia or Toxemia
Complications Ectopic Pregnancy – Zygote can’t pass the uterus – Leading cause of death of female in First Trimester
Heredity and Genetics -Medrano
Heredity Passing of traits from parents to children Chromosomes – carry codes for inherited traits Genes – basic units of heredity DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Genetics and Fetal Development Sperm = 23 chromosomes Egg = 23 chromosomes Dominant and Recessive Genes Zygote 46 chromosomes
Genetics and Fetal Development Genes and Gender
Genetic Disorders Caused partly or completely by a defect in genes Genetic Testing Amniocentesis Chronic Villi Sampling (CVS) weeks 8 weeks
Genetic Disorders: Sickle-Cell Results in Restricted blood flow Severe joint pain Weakness Kidney Disease
Genetic Disorders: Tay-Sachs Disease Destroys nervous system Blindness Paralysis Death in early childhood
Genetic Disorders: Cystic Fibrosis Mucus clogs organs Nutritional problems Respiratory infections & congestion
Genetic Disorders: Down Syndrome Chromosome 21 Trisomy
Genetic Disorders: Hemophilia X – linked recessive trait Hemophilia A (Factor VIII) Hemophilia B (Factor IX)
Genetic Research: Genetic Therapy
Genetic Research: Genetically Engineered Drugs
Infancy and Childhood -Pacheco
Erik Erikson Theory of development 8 developmental stages Childhood Development
Infancy (0-1yr) – Fastest growth period – Time of learning – Develop TRUST Childhood Development
Early Childhood (1-3yrs) – Skill development – Speech development – AUTONOMY confidence in your own control of abilities Childhood Development
Middle Childhood (4-6 yrs) – More engaged in interactions – Asking many questions – Learns to control impulses – INITIATIVE, RESPONSIBILITY Childhood Development
Late Childhood (7-12 yrs) – Literacy – Roles of society – Conscience – INTEREST IN PERFORMING ACTIVITIES Childhood Development
Vision Hearing Scoliosis Health Screenings in Childhood