EX 3: CELL DIVISION: MITOSIS To describe the processes of cytokinesis and mitosis To distinguish the stages of mitosis in plant and animal cells To identify.

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EX 3: CELL DIVISION: MITOSIS To describe the processes of cytokinesis and mitosis To distinguish the stages of mitosis in plant and animal cells To identify cell structures related to cell division.

Two Parts of Cell Division Cytokinesis—division of the cytoplasm Mitosis (karyokinesis)—division of the cell nucleus (DNA is in the form of Chromosomes) Interphase – the non-dividing stage of a cell’s life (DNA is in the form of chromatin)

Nucleus—contains the genetic information of the cell In dividing cells the genetic information is in structures called chromosomes In non-dividing cells, the nuclear material is in long thread-like strands called chromatin

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. G2G2 Growth occurs as cell prepares to divide. a. DNA replication occurs as chromosomes duplicate. Interphase S Growth occurs as organelles double. M Mitosis and cytokinesis occur. G1G1

Overview of Cell Division

Plant Cells Allium (Onion)

INTERPHASE NOT a phase of mitosis; nondividing,cell growth, normal activity, DNA replication Distinct nucleus surrounded by nuclear envelope Genetic material is chromatin Nucleolus visible

nucleus nucleolus

PROPHASE Chromosomes becoming visible Two sister chromatids attached by centromere Nuclear envelope breaking down/ disappearing

METAPHASE Chromosomes “line up” at cell equator Spindle visible Hint: “m”iddle = “m”etaphase

ANAPHASE Sister chromatids separate and move toward the poles of the cell Hint: “a”part = “a”naphase

TELOPHASE Nuclear envelope begins to reform Spindle breaking down Cell plate is visible (only in plants—will become the new cell wall)

Animal Cells Ascarius (Round worm)

Phases Same as plant cell Animal cells have centrioles Telophase –cleavage furrow instead of cell plate—cell membrane “pinches in”

Page 231 Early ProphaseProphaseMetaphase AnaphaseTelophaseDaughter Cells Shell Cell Mem. Pronuclei Cytoplasm Chromosomes Cytoplasm Chromosomes Centriole Polar Metaphase Chromosomes Chromosomes Cleavage Furrow

chromosomes cytoplasm Cell membrane

centriole chromosomes Spindle fibers

Cleavage furrow

Review terms Mitosis Cytokinesis Chromatin Chromosomes

Questions List, in order, the phases of mitosis. Which phase is not considered to be a part of mitosis? Describe the differences between mitosis in animal and plant cells.