Migration Chapter 3 Key Issues 3-4

Reasons for Migrating Push Factor – induces people to move out of their present location Pull Factor – induces people to move into their present location 3 major push/pull factors: – Economic – Political – Environomental

Slavery was once an important political push factor Forced political migration now occurs because of political conflict 3 groups of forced political migrants: – Refugee – forced to migrate to another country and cannot return – Internally displaced person (IDP) – forced to move, but has not migrated across international border – Asylum Seeker – migrated to another country in hopes of being recognized as a refugee

Environmental Push/Pull Pulled toward physically attractive regions and pushed from hazardous ones Attractive envir. for immigrants – – Mountains, seaside, warm climates Water – too much / too little – is the most common envir. Threat

Migrating to Find Work US and Canada – prominent destinations for economic migrants (was Europeans/now Latin America and Asia) Attractiveness of a region can shift with economic change (Ireland had net-out migrations until late 1990s) 2008 brought net-out migration to Europe

Hard to tell difference between economic migrants and political refugees – US treats them differently) Ec. Migrants not allowed unless possess special skills or have close relative Refugee receive special priority in admissions Temporary work programs used to be common in Europe and Asia Of world’s 16 countries with highest per capita income – 14 in Europe – migrants allowed in to perform low-status/low-skills jobs and provide essential services

Ec. Migration good for poor countries – lets them reduce their unemployment, immigrants send a large portion of $ home, which stimulates their home economy Germany 1 st to have guest worker program during 60s and 70s – program gone, but many stayed permanently in and children have become citizens of host country

Asian Migrant Workers BOTH a major source and destination for migrants in search of work China’s booming economy is now attracting immigrants form neighboring countries, but immig. from abroad pales in comparison to internal migration Rich, oil-producing countries of southwest Asia major destination for people from poorer nations Working conditions considered poorer in some of these countries Philippine gov. state only 2 countries (Israel and Oman) were “safe” for their Filipino migrants Many of these countries fear increasing immig. Will spark pol. Unrest and abandonment of traditional Islamic customs

Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles Intervening obstacle – an envir. /pol. Feature that hinders migration Principal obstacles traditionally faced were envir. – traveling by land/sea Today, most are political – migrant needs passport to enter and visa to legally immigrate

Controlling Immigration Quotas (maximum limits) started in 1921 – limiting immigration Because immig > quotas, Congress had set preferences: – Family reunification (3/4 of immig) – Skilled Workers (most of remainder of quota) – Diversity – lottery (countries that don’t usually come to US) Quota does NOT apply to refugee Also without limits are spouses, children, and parents of US citizens

Brain Drain Other countries blame US for allowing in skilled workers creating brain drain on their country Once here as skilled worker, can bring over others under Family Reunification provision

Your Turn… Read Pages and take notes – you will be allowed to use these handwritten notes only on 2 nd part of Quiz on FRIDAY. 1 st part will be Chapter 3 Key Terms, Zelinsky’s model, and types of migration. 2 nd part will be Notes – notes will be turned in with quiz!!!