The Cold War 1945-1991

Yalta Vs Potsdam February 1945 Yalta Conference: dealt mainly with the settlement of post-war Europe after WWII. Leaders: Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill - the Big Three. Location: Southern Soviet Union.

Agreement Germany to be divided into 4 zones, as would Berlin (GB, Fr, USA & USSR). Poland to gain land from Germany, but lose some to USSR. USSR guarantees free elections for Eastern Europe. For example Poland

Changes On April 12 1945 Roosevelt died. Roosevelt was replaced by Truman. He was openly anti-Communist, would 'get tough with the Russians'. During the Potsdam conference, Churchill lost an election and was replaced. Replaced by Attlee

YALTA (in the USSR) Date: Feb 1945 Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin

Yalta Vs Potsdam July-August 1945 Potsdam completing tasks set at the Yalta Conference Germany had been defeated. Leaders: Change in the Big Three Disagreements between sides the beginnings of the Cold War. Location: Germany outside of Berlin.

Agreement Plans for division of Germany agreed, Germany to pay reparations (USSR), war criminals to be tried, and United Nations set up. Truman demanded USSR hold free elections for Eastern Europe. Stalin angry because Truman didn't mention atomic bomb which Stalin secretly knew about.

POTSDAM (Germany) Date: July 1945 Present: Churchill, Truman and Stalin

Iron Curtain One year later Stalin set up the Iron Curtain (Metaphor not a real curtain). Coined by Winston Churchill Border between East and West Europe - Stalin took control of Eastern Europe to act as a buffer zone to any future invasion from the West. These countries were satellite nations

Divided Germany Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill to describe the separating of Those communist lands of East Europe from the West. Divided Germany

Divided Berlin Berlin Blockade The Russians wanted to capture Berlin in May 1948. Stalin closed all routes to Berlin. To avoid war the U.S. and others dropped supplies for a year to help Berlin and go over Russia = Berlin Airlift ended in 1949

U.S. President Truman Truman wanted to stand up to the Soviet Union The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”. Example helping Greece and Turkey fight off the Soviet Union The end of “isolationism” policies and begins policy of “containment”

Marshall Plan The US offered huge sums of money to help European countries to rebuild and to reject the appeal of Communism.

Alliances United Nations (UN) was created for peace but tension grew quickly United States, Canada, and Western Europe created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) protect if attacked Soviet Union created Warsaw Pact

Task Draw a Map of Europe after WWII use page 532 Label countries Create a key for: Communist countries Non- Communist countries Iron Curtain

The End!

Dwight Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower obtained a truce in Korea Issued Eisenhower Doctrine. "America is today the strongest, most influential, and most productive nation in the world.“ Willing to bring the U.S. on the verge of war = Brinkmanship                                                         U.S. President from 1953 -1961

Improve your knowledge The “Red Scare”, launched by Senator Joe McCarthy, dominated the US for years 1948-53 Panic in the U.S. society also known as McCarthyism = accusing citizens of being communist with no proof. Truman began the Loyalty Review Board investigate employees Also set up the House Un American Activities Committee (HUAC) – investigated Hollywood 10 witnesses refused to testify = Hollywood 10

Spies Former State official Alger Hiss accused of being a spy Ethel and Julius Rosenberg found guilty of Espionage and sentenced to death

Improve your knowledge The nuclear bomb gave America power expected to last at least 5 years. The rapid Russian development of nuclear technology, was a shock. Russia went to Asia in August 1945 to stake out a position. This helped make both the Korean and Vietnamese conflicts more likely.