1 st African Slaves in British America Jamestown, Virginia 1619Jamestown, Virginia 1619

Early Emancipation in the North

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in Eli Whitney’s cotton gin.

King Cotton million lbs. of cotton exported ($5,000,000 value) 7% of total exports million lbs. of cotton exported ($30,000,000 value) 41% of total exports ,700 million lbs. of cotton exported ($191,000,000 value 57% of total exports 80% of the world's cotton came from the South in Most went to factories in England

Missouri Compromise MMMMissouri will be a slave state MMMMaine will be a free state 33336 30’ Line will divide slave and free territory in Louisiana Purchase SSSStates will be admitted in pairs to keep balance between slave and free states Kept things cool for 30 years 1820

Results of the Mexican War

GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, California 1848 John A. Sutter “The World Rushed In!”

California Gold Rush, er’s

New crisis in 1850 So Congress goes to work And comes up with… ß California wants to be a state… NOW! ß California wants to be a Free State ß No slave territory ready to balance California ß Underground Railroad & fugitive slave issues ß California wants to be a state… NOW! ß California wants to be a Free State ß No slave territory ready to balance California ß Underground Railroad & fugitive slave issues

Compromise of 1850 CCalifornia will be a free state SSouthern slave owners get a Fugitive Slave Law WWhat does this do to the Missouri Compromise? Fugitive Slave Law – gave southern slave owners or their agents the right to go into any free state to recapture former slaves - Required northern law enforcement to provide assistance if asked

Reaction to the Fugitive Slave Law

Underground Railroad

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year  2 million in a decade!

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war!" -- Abraham Lincoln

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Popular Sovereignty… The people of Kansas and Nebraska territories will vote on whether to be slave or free territory Meant the Missouri Compromise line is tossed out This leads to…

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 ß Northern Whigs ß Northern Democrats ß Free-Soilers ß Know-Nothings ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act ß Opposed the spread of slavery ß Northern Whigs ß Northern Democrats ß Free-Soilers ß Know-Nothings ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act ß Opposed the spread of slavery AND…

Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians) John Brown: Anti- Slavery “Bleeding Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas” Senator Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congressman Preston Brooks (D-SC)

1856 Presidential Election James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856 Election Results

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 The Supreme Court ruled that: Slaves were property like any other, and no state could stop anyone from bringing in legal property (so slavery could spread anywhere!) Only white people were citizens and protected by the Constitution!

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown – Terrorist or Hero?

1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860  No more spread of slavery – stop it in its tracks!  Protective tariff [for the Northern factory owners].  Government aid to build a rail road to the Pacific coast (for California and the northern states)  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for small farmers].  No more spread of slavery – stop it in its tracks!  Protective tariff [for the Northern factory owners].  Government aid to build a rail road to the Pacific coast (for California and the northern states)  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for small farmers].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

Election of 1860 by county What color are the counties that went for Lincoln?

1860 Election Results

Secession! South Carolina on Dec. 20, 1860

Attack on Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Attack on Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Who’s Who: United States of AmericaUnited States of America USA USA UnionUnion NorthNorth BlueBlue YankeesYankees “Billy Yank”“Billy Yank” Stars and Stripes:Stars and Stripes: Confederate States of America - CSAConfederate States of America - CSA ConfederacyConfederacy SouthSouth GrayGray RebelsRebels “Johnny Reb”“Johnny Reb” “Sesesh”“Sesesh” Stars and Bars:Stars and Bars: