Sandra A. Martin, M.L.I.S. Optometry Librarian OPT 6111 Research Methodology

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Chronic atypical central serous chorioretinopathy in a 53-year-old woman with pigment epithelium detachment first examined in (Upper left) Color fundus photograph showing a yellow spot temporal to the fovea. (Upper right) On the early phase of fluorescein angiography (FA), this yellow spot corresponds to a deep hypofluorescence. (Middle left) At the late phase of FA, mild leakage temporal to the fovea and partial staining of an inferomacular serous retinal detachment (SRD). (Middle right) Indocyanine green angiography showing dilated choroidal veins. (Bottom) Vertical time-domain optical coherence tomography B-scan showing the SRD with the posterior retina attached to the top of the pigment epithelium detachment. Flat Irregular Retinal Pigment Epithelium Detachments in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Choroidal Neovascularization Hage, Rabih, American Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 159, Issue 5, e3 Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc.

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Figure 2 A rhegmatogenous retinal detachment forms when a hole or tear occurs across the neural retina, allowing fluid to flow from the vitreous and separate the neural retina from the retinal pigmented epithelium. S.K. Fisher, G.P. Lewis Injury and Repair Responses: Retinal Detachment Encyclopedia of the Eye, 2010,

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Date of download: 4/14/2015 Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. ROP with stretching of the macula and straightening of retinal vessels. Legend : From: Chapter 10. Retina Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology, 18e, 2011 From: Chapter 10. Retina Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology, 18e, 2011

Figure 2-5. Rotational eye movements cause vitreoretinal traction. When the eye rotates (large arrow), the detached vitreous gel lags behind the rotation of the eye wall and the retina. The retina at the site of a vitreoretinal adhesion exerts force on the vitreous gel, causing the adjacent vitreous to rotate (arrow). The vitreous gel exerts an equal and opposite force on the retina, causing a retinal break or separating the retina further from the pigment epithelium if a break is already present. Liquid currents within the vitreous gel aggravate the movement of the gel, whereas those in the subretinal space promote extension of the subretinal fluid (arrows). Authors: Brinton, Daniel A.; Wilkinson, C. P. Title: Retinal Detachment: Principles and Practice, 3rd Edition Copyright ©2009 Oxford University Press

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Systematic review of all English-language articles, retrieved using a keyword search of MEDLINE (1966 through May 2007), EMBASE, Cochrane Collaboration, the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology database, and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Database, and followed by manual searches of reference lists of selected major review articles. All English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with more than 12 months of follow-up and meta-analyses were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published from January 1990 to December Randomized controlled trials and controlled cohort studies reporting incidence or progression of DR following systemic intervention were included. We identified studies by searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases.