The Past Participle as the Attribute

1.The first recorded ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 BC in ancient Greece and … 2. An olive wreath as the only prize given at Olympia suggested that the athletes competed for honour, … Read the sentences from the passage, paying attention to the coloured words.

3. In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sports competition involving Word War II disabled soldiers in England. 4. Four years later, competitors from Holland joined the Games, and the international movement, now known as the Paralympics.

B: Yes. And we had canned fish, smoked sausages, cakes made by our teacher and fresh apples picked from the orchard. We also played a lot of games there. B: Indeed, to our delight, we helped a lost boy to find his mother. 单个的过去分词作定 语时，位于它所修饰 的名词或代词前面； 过去分词短语作定语 时，位于它所修饰的 名词或代词后面。 单个过去分词 过去分词短语 lanuage point 1 过去分词作定语的位置

单个过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody, those 等不定代词时， 也要放在这些词后面。 Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.

lanuage point 2 过去分词作定语的含义 a broken cup a wounded soldier a cup which is broken a soldier who was wounded a grown woman a retired officer a woman who has grown an officer who has retired

① a letter written in pencil ② the book borrowed by Jack ③ the machines produced last year This object, discovered almost by accident, has changed machine. = a letter which was written in pencil = the book which was borrowed by Jack = This object, which was discovered almost by accident, has changed machine. = the machines which were produced last year ④ 3. 过去分词作定语相当于定语从句，二者可互换

① 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。 ______________________will be replaced soon. = The window which was broken will be replaced soon. ② 昨天买的书确实不错。 The books _______________are of high quality. = The books which were bought yesterday are of high quality. The broken window bought yesterday Practice 1

1. Tick each of the following sentences below in which the past participle is used as an attribute. ____1) She was surprised to see the beautiful horse in front of the house. ____2) Most of the people invited to the party were my old friends. ____3) Things seen are mightier than things heard. ____ 4) Tired out, the group of workers stopped to have a rest. √ √ × × Practice 2

____ 5) She shouted in a pleased voice when she heard the good news. ____ 6) Frightened by the barking dog, the little girl cried loudly. ____7) The injured passengers were immediately sent to the city hospital. ____ 8) The river mentioned in the song is actually slightly to the east of Virginia. × √ √ √

2. Rewrite each of the following sentences by following the example, paying attention to the position of the past participle. The letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. The letter which was posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 先行词 定语从句 先行词 分词作定语

1) I don’t like to read a letter which is written in pencil. 2) All the guests who are invited are here now. 3) They are the problems which have been left over by history. I don’t like to read a letter written in pencil. All the guests invited are here now. They are the problems left over by history.

4) The plan which has been made might be changed. 5) They finally came to the areas that had been liberated. The plan made might be changed. They finally came to the liberated areas.

The island, _______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (2011 全国 II) A. joiningB. to join C. joinedD. having joined 解析： join… to… 表示 “ 把 …… 连接起来 ” ， joined 在句中是过去分词作定语，相当 于定语从句 which is joined … 。答案选 C 。 高考解析

Recently a survey ______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011 江苏 ) A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 解析： compare 的动作是 survey 发出的， 现在分词短语做后置定语。

The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011 湖南 ) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这 个观点本身一样重要。 the ability to do sth.“ 做某事的能力 ” ，固定短语，故此处 用动词不定式作后置定语。

Tsinghua University, _____ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011 福建 ) A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 解析：句中的主语 Tsinghua University 与 found 构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选 C 、 D ；再根据时间 1911 年可知 found 动作已 经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分 词短语作后置定语。

Homework Go over the past participle as the attribute and finish the exercise.

1. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 2. The television is a ___ machine. A. newly-invented B. new-invented C. newly-invent D. newly-invention 3. ___ English is different from ____ English in many ways. A. Spoken, written B. Speaking, written C. Spoken, writing D. Speak, write D A A Exercise

4. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ______. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 5. Prices of daily goods ___ through a computer can be lower than some store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying D B

6. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 7.The ___ look on the girl’s face suggested that she ___ such bad news. A. surprising, would expect B. surprised, should expect C. surprising, shouldn’t have been expected D. surprised, hadn’t expected A D

8. The girl ___ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks You’ll find the word “psychology” _____ under “P” in your dictionary. A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing C C

10. From the date _____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked 11. The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C, did not include women players until A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing B C