1 Administrarea reţelelor de calculatoare Emil CEBUC conferenţiar Catedra de Calculatoare 2C + 2L Nota= 70% Examen scris + 30%

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Presentation transcript:

1 Administrarea reţelelor de calculatoare Emil CEBUC conferenţiar Catedra de Calculatoare 2C + 2L Nota= 70% Examen scris + 30% Colocviu Laborator

2 Cuprinsul Cursurilor C1. Introducere C2. Bazele reţelelor TCP/IP C3. Administrarea Reţelelor Windows principii C4. Administrarea Domeniilor Windows C5. Administrare Reţele Unix principii C6. Configurare DNS şi MAIL C7. Configurare Proxy şi servere WEB C8. Elemente de securitate C9. Administrare firewall C10. Rutare dinamică OSPF, IS-IS C11. Rutare dinamică BGP C12. Elemente de managmentul reţelelor prin SNMP C13. Testarea şi verificarea reţelelor IP

3 Introducere Componentele unei retele Ethernet Structura unui router Structura unui switch Ethernet Vlan Structura unui Firewall Packet Tracer

4 Componentele unei retele Infrastructura fizica Cabluri cupru Cabluri optice Wless Echipamente de comunicatie Switchuri Routere Firewall AP Wless

5 Componentele unei retele Servere Statii de lucru fixe si mobile Imprimante de retea Statii de management Aplicatii de management Administratorii de retea

6 Introducere Componentele unei retele Ethernet Structura unui router Structura unui switch Ethernet Vlan Structura unui Firewall Packet Tracer

7 Ethernet Standards and Implementation

8 Tipuri de Ethernet Logic Link Control – Interfata comuna spre nivele superioare

9 Format cadru Ethernet The Frame – Encapsulating the Packet

10 Adresarea L2 si impactul asupra retelei si a performantei acesteia Ethernet Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast

11 Domenii de coliziune Ethernet – Using Switches

12 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) process. Mapping IP to MAC Addresses

13 ARP si mesajele de Broadcast ARP Broadcasts - Issues

14 Introducere Componentele unei retele Ethernet Structura unui router Structura unui switch Ethernet Vlan Structura unui Firewall Packet Tracer

15 Componentele unui Router Router components

16 Pornirea unui Router Major phases to the router boot-up process  Test router hardware Power-On Self Test (POST) Execute bootstrap loader  Locate & load Cisco IOS software -Locate IOS -Load IOS  Locate & load startup configuration file or enter setup mode -Bootstrap program looks for configuration file

17 Modul de operare al unui Router Routers Operate at L1, 2 & 3  Router receives a stream of encoded bits  Bits are decoded and passed to layer 2  Router de-encapsulates the frame  Remaining packet passed up to layer 3 -Routing decision made at this layer by examining destination IP address  Packet is then re-encapsulated & sent out outbound interface

18 Configurarea unui Router Modul de lucru user “Router>” Modul de lucru privilegiat “Router#” Comanda enable si parola Modul de configurare “Router(config)#” Comanda configure terminal Configurare interfete “router (config-if)#” Interface tip modul/slot

19 Configurarea unui Router Basic Router Configuration A basic router configuration should contain the following: -Router name - Host name should be unique -Banner - At a minimum, banner should warn against unauthorized use -Passwords - Use strong passwords -Interface configurations - Specify interface type, IP address and subnet mask. Describe purpose of interface. Issue no shutdown command. If DCE serial interface issue clock rate command. After entering in the basic configuration the following tasks should be completed -Verify basic configuration and router operations. -Save the changes on a router

20 Configurarea unui Router Running-config configuratia actuala Startup-config configuratia salvata Local prin consola sau de la distanta cu ssh sau telnet Comenzi uzuale: ? Pt help contextual; Sageti pentru editare sau baleierea istoricului TAB pentru a arata comezile care incep cu un caracter show pentru a afisa diverse informatii; ping verificare conectivitate

21 Introducere Componentele unei retele Ethernet Structura unui router Structura unui switch Ethernet Vlan Structura unui Firewall Packet Tracer

22 Structura unui switch Ethernet Interfete de acelasi tip Ethernet, Fast, Giga, 10G Memorie CAM pentru decizia de comutare bazata pe adresa MAC Memorie ROM pt. boot Memorie Flash pentru IOS Memorie NVRAM pentru configuratie Memorie RAM pentru buffere Procesor pentru management Circuite ASIC pentru comutarea cadrelor

23 Sigur si latenta mai mare S&F Mai putin sigur si latenta mai mica C-T Memoria CAM goala la inceput, invata destinatiile in timp Metode de comutare

24 Tipuri de cadre Describe the key elements of Ethernet/802.3 networks

25 Redundanta si Spanning Tree Algorithm Permit redundanta Spanning Tree

26 Switch alte facilitati Autonegociere viteza si mod duplex Autodetectare MDI, MDIX; de regula nu exista la echipamente CISCO Cablu inversor intre switchuri Comutare asimetrica porturi cu viteza mai mare pentru backbone sau servere

27 Switch Layer3 vs Router Compare Layer 2 with Layer 3 switching

28 Configurare Switch Ethernet Similar ca la routere SW L2 nu permite asignarea de adrese IP decat pt. interfata de management; telnet, ssh SW L3 permite asignarea de adrese IP la toate interfetele Configurare specifica pt. Virtual LAN VLAN in urmatorul curs

29 Introducere Componentele unei retele Ethernet Structura unui router Structura unui switch Ethernet Vlan Structura unui Firewall Packet Tracer

30 Rolul VLAN intro retea Retea care transporta date, voce, video, etc. O singura infrastructura mai multe retele

31 Tipuri de VLAN VLAN default cel in care sunt toate porturile unui switch la pornire este VLAN 1 la inceput, trebuie schimbat VLAN 1 este pentru traficul de management si nu poate fi modificat VLAN de DATE transporta doar date utilizator VLAN NATIVE pentru porturi tip trunk cele fara eticheta VLAN VOCE pt Telefonie IP, are prioritate mai mare

32 Asignarea unui port la un VLAN Static, dinamic sau voce

33 VLAN si BROADCAST Pachetele de broadcast din un VLAN nu trec in alt VLAN

34 Configurare VLAN Creare VLAN; ID si NUME Asignare porturi la VLAN Verificare configuratie; show vlan Definire porturi tip TRUNK tip IEEE 802.1Q intre switchuri; cablu inversor Asignare VLAN la un TRUNK Verificare configurare TRUNK; sh runn; sh interface

35 Introducere Componentele unei retele Ethernet Structura unui router Structura unui switch Ethernet Vlan Structura unui Firewall Packet Tracer

36 Firewall

37 Firewall Structura similara cu un Router Are nivele de securitate predefinite Permite trecerea traficului din interior spre exterior dar nu si invers Intre 2 si 5 interfete cu nivele de securitate diferite

38 Introducere Componentele unei retele Ethernet Structura unui router Structura unui switch Ethernet Vlan Structura unui Firewall Packet Tracer