EARTH’S MOTIONS Week of March 28 th

BELLRINGER: MARCH 28 TH List some evidence you are aware of or that you experience that proves Earth is moving.

NBK √ 5

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Visible light is a form of energy that is included in the ES. This spectrum includes all wavelengths of Electro Radiation White light passes through prism, light is broken down into colors

(All light travels at same speed but some colors have different wavelengths) Blue & violet have shortest wavelengths Orange and red have longest Shorter than violet or longer than red not seen by eye (microwaves, radio waves, gamma rays)

TELESCOPES Refracting Telescope:  Lens that bends light & focuses light to be magnified by eyepiece  Problems: color change (object is red, appears blue. Needs large lens for clarity Reflecting Telescope:  Uses curved mirror to gather and focus light

EARTH MOTIONS Rotation – earth turning on axis Revolution – earth going around sun

EARTH’S TILTED AXIS / SEASONS.

APHELION AND PERIHELION Aphelion -- the point on its orbit when the Earth is farthest from the sun Perihelion -- the point on its orbit when the Earth is closest to the sun

EVIDENCE OF REVOLUTION Parallax: Apparent shift in position of distant stars

RETROGRADE MOTION  If observed from one night to the next, however, a planet appears to move from West to East against the background stars most of the time. Occasionally, however, the planet's motion will appear to reverse direction, and the planet will, for a short time, move from East to West against the background constellations. This reversal is known as retrograde motion.

SIDEREAL DAY Sidereal day 23hrs 56min 4sec Solar Mean day 24hrs.

SIDEREAL DAY.

DIFFERENT CONSTELLATIONS AT DIFFERENT TIMES.

CHANGING STAR ORIENTATION.

EVIDENCE OF ROTATION Coriolis Effect The Foucault pendulum Day / Night

DAY / NIGHT.

CORIOLIS EFFECT.

THE FOUCAULT PENDULUM.

1851 “Bob” LINK Did you know: if you dropped a golf ball, on a day where there was NO wind, off the Empire State Building, it would land 5” to the East of true vertical?

THE FOUCAULT PENDULUM.

SUN’S APPARENT PATH.

ALTITUDE OF SUN AT NOON ON DIFFERENT DAYS.

JUNE 21 / DEC 21

SUN’S PATH ON EQUINOX.

SUMMER SOLSTICE.

WINTER SOLSTICE.

SUN’S APPARENT VELOCITY THROUGH SKY 15 degrees per hour (360 degrees / 24 hrs.)

WHAT IF THE MOON DIDN'T EXIST? Earth would spin much faster without its orbiting moon. That's because the moon's gravity pulls on Earth's oceans. The moon is largely responsible for the tides. The pull of the moon, and ebb and flow of the tides, puts the brakes on Earth's daily rotation. Billions of years ago, Earth spun around on its axis much faster. At one time, the cycle of day and night was less than ten hours long. If we'd never had a moon, we'd still have a shorter day.

WHY ARE LEAP YEARS USED? A leap year is a year containing one or more extra days in order to keep the calendar year synchronized with the astronomical year.

BELLRINGER: MARCH 29 TH Differentiate the two types of telescopes.

FOUCAULT’S PENDULUM WORKSHEET Working with your shoulder partner, answer the questions provided.

BELLRINGER: MARCH 30 TH List and describe three pieces of evidence that the Earth rotates.

FOUCAULT’S PENDULUM ESSAY Write an essay clearly explaining what the Foucault Pendulum is and how it was able to disprove the misconception that the Earth was a motionless planet. Be sure to include details of its construction and the forces of gravity and inertia.

BELLRINGER: MARCH 31 ST List and describe 3 evidences of Earth’s revolution.

VIDEO: HUNTING THE EDGE OF SPACE

BELLRINGER: APRIL 1 ST Differentiate the geocentric and heliocentric models of the universe

VIDEO: HUNTING THE EDGE OF SPACE Homework: Discussion board