 Livestock Terminology Basic Animal Industry AFNR-BAS-9: Define major components of the animal industry and outline the development of the resulting products, services, and careers.

General Livestock Terminology  Adapting an animal to the needs of humans is called domestication.  Identifying desirable animals for breeding purposes is selection.  Animals whose ancestors are of only one breed are called purebred.  Mating animals of different breeds is called crossbreeding. 2

General Livestock Terminology  Removing an animal from the herd is called culling.  Mating animals that are related is known as inbreeding.  Animals that are not purebred are often called grade. 3

General Livestock Terminology  Cattle that do not have horns due to genetics are polled.  Characteristics that can be passed down from parent to offspring are called traits. 4

General Livestock Terminology  Taking a young animal off milk by removing it from being with its mother is called weaning.  A male animal that has had its testicles removed is known as castrated.  The mother or female parent is the dam.  The father or male parent is the sire.  Giving birth in livestock is called parturition.  The young of an animal is called its offspring. 5

Cattle Terminology  bovine: scientific name for cattle  beef: meat from cattle  veal: meat from young calves 6

Cattle Terminology  calving: giving birth in cattle  calf: offspring of either sex  heifer: immature (young) female  bull calf (or bullock): immature (young) male  cow: adult female (has given birth)  bull: adult male (not castrated)  steer: male that has been castrated 7

Swine Terminology  porcine: scientific name for pigs  pork: meat from pigs  farrowing: giving birth in pigs 8

Swine Terminology  piglet: offspring of either sex  gilt: immature (young) female  shoat: immature (young) male  sow: adult female (has given birth)  boar: adult male (not castrated)  barrow: male that has been castrated 9

Horse Terminology  equine: scientific name for horses  cheval: meat from horses  foaling: giving birth in horses 10

Horse Terminology  foal: offspring of either sex  filly: immature (young) female  colt: immature (young) male  mare: adult female (has given birth or is over a certain age - usually 2 or 3 years)  stallion (or stud): adult male (not castrated)  gelding: male that has been castrated 11

Sheep Terminology  ovine: scientific name for sheep  lamb: meat from sheep less than one year of age  mutton: meat from sheep over one year of age  lambing: giving birth in sheep 12

Sheep Terminology  lamb: offspring of either sex  ewe lamb: immature (young) female  ram lamb: immature (young) male  ewe: adult female (has given birth)  ram: adult male (not castrated)  wether: male that has been castrated 13

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