Laboratory Animal Health Peter Nowlan I

Principles of Good Laboratory Animal Health Sound principles of animal husbandry nutrition water bedding light sound temperature ventilation

Principles of Good Laboratory Animal Health Animals source of animals reputable breeders LABAAS scheme/FELASA use of animal health monitoring programmes quarantine

Principles of Good Laboratory Animal Health Animal health monitoring programmes principle of programmes sample size (>2 weanlings, >4 young adults, >4adults) frequency of monitoring (every 3 -6 months) sample types (serum, bacteriology, faeces, skin) FELASA lists of viruses, bacteria, endoparasites gross pathology Photo of felasa

No. ANTIGENS 1. Minute virus of mice (MVM) 2. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) 3. Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) 4. Reovirus type 3 (Reo3) 5. Sendai virus 6. Theiler’s encephalomyelitis 7. Hanta viruses 8. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) 9. Ectromelia virus 10. * Lactate dehyrogenase virus (LDV) 11. ** Mouse adenovirus (MAd) 12. ** Mouse pneumonitis virus (K) 13. ** Mouse polyoma virus 14. ** Mouse thymic virus (MTV) 15. ** Mouse rotavirus (EDIM) 16. ** Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)

Animal health status categories Definitions Conventional - harbouring “normal indigenous, but undefined organisms Specific pathogen free (SPF) - free from pathogens, which can be specified, but otherwise with an undefined microflora Germ-free -free from any other detectable form of life Gnotobiotic - an animal or system in which all the life forms are known Applications of the various categories of animal health status

Animal house design and health rodent control Barrier systems isolation/quarantine layout

Barrier systems Full Barrier shower in / autoclave materials Individually Ventilated Racks Isolators Clean areas

Full Barrier shower in/ autoclave materials Normally used for core breeding colonies Minimum people in Shower and full change of Clothes All materials sterilises on entry / autoclave/ irradiated/ chemical sterilisation Video

Individually Ventilated Cages Used In a Clean Room All materials sterilised Personnel change going into room All manipulations take place in laminar flow Video

Isolation Quarantine All animals entering an area must be quarantined And Monitored to an appropriate standard e.g. FELASA

Clean Room It is often desirable to hold animals in conventional areas for short periods while under experiment . This can be done under clean room Not SPF but maintain barriers

Diseases of mice MVM/ MPV – infect rapidly growing tissues/ Immuno modulatory MHV – decreases of skin graft rejection Helicobacter ( prolapse in IL10 KO) Sendai - increase in killer cell mediated cytotoxicity Pneumocystis Carinii ( immuno suppressed animals pneumonia ) Pin Worms ( alters humoral response to no parasitic antigenic stimuli) http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/gvsolas.pdf

Bacterial infections of mice Bordetella - respiratory system (surgery) Leptospira - zoonosis Mycoplasma - respiratory system Salmonellae - zoonosis

Endoparasitic infections of mice Eimeria spp. Giardia spp. Helminths (Syphacia obvelata)

Zoonoses Disease transmissible from animal to man Leptospirosis Salmonellosis LCM Ringworm Toxoplasmosis Toxocariasis

Zoonosis prevention Common sense Good hygiene practices Protective clothing Proper working areas (classes of pathogen) Health and safety personnel Vaccination

Conclusions Keeping animals physically and mentally healthy will help to ensure the quality of experimental data and thereby reduce the need to repeat studies