CyberGIS Prof. Wenwen Li School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning 5644 Coor Hall

Outline 1. Motivation of CyberGIS 2. Characteristics of CyberGIS 3. CyberGIS Communities 4. Framework of CyberGIS 5. CyberGIS Components 6. CyberGIS Software Environment 7. CyberGIS Performances 8. Conclusion

Motivation of CyberGIS* From GIS to CyberGIS The first documented application of spatial analysis being similar to GIS: France, in 1832 French Geographer maned Charles Picquet A map representing cholera epidemiology in Paris by displaying 48 districts of Paris with different color gradients. Early 20th century: A significant development of modern geographic information systems Driven by photzincography, which is used to separate diverse layers from a map The first known use of the term "geographic information system“: Roger Tomlinson, the "father of GIS" 1968 The paper "A Geographic Information System for Regional Planning"

Motivation of CyberGIS* From GIS to CyberGIS In 1990s: ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) Significant supplier of GIS software, web GIS and geodatabase ArcView In 2000s: Development of Internet technologies (connection) Decreasing cost of GIS tools (popularity) Expansion of GIS applications (interoperation)

Motivation of CyberGIS* Why CyberGIS Computationally intensive Collaborative geogrpahical analysis CI (Cyberinfrastructure) is now increasingly accessible to GIScience and spatial analysis** Increasingly computationally intensive spatial analysis pushes the development of CyberGIS to synthesize CI, GIS, and spatial analysis, but the emerging CI is pulling such development. * Wang, S “A CyberGIS Framework for the Synthesis of Cyberinfrastructure, GIS, and Spatial Analysis.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100(3): ** Wang, S., & Liu, Y. (2009). TeraGrid GIScience gateway: bridging cyberinfrastructure and GIScience. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 23(5),

Motivation of CyberGIS* Computationally intensive Collaborative geogrpahical analysis CI (Cyberinfrastructure) is now increasingly accessible to GIScience and spatial analysis** Increasingly computationally intensive spatial analysis pushes the development of CyberGIS to synthesize CI, GIS, and spatial analysis, but the emerging CI is pulling such development. * Wang, S “A CyberGIS Framework for the Synthesis of Cyberinfrastructure, GIS, and Spatial Analysis.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100(3): ** Wang, S., & Liu, Y. (2009). TeraGrid GIScience gateway: bridging cyberinfrastructure and GIScience. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 23(5),

Motivation of CyberGIS* Computational intensity* Computational complexity and input–output characteristics of a GIS Spatial analysis problem for assessing the magnitude of computational requirements The computational intensity includes Spatial data Spatial operations * Wang, S “A CyberGIS Framework for the Synthesis of Cyberinfrastructure, GIS, and Spatial Analysis.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100(3):

Characteristics of CyberGIS Reproducibility: Data re-utilization, provenance, … Sustainability: Open APIs, consistent services, … Usability: Interaction, transparent access, … Scalability: Amount of users, amount of data, amount of applications, … Interoperability: Interoperation, seamless integration, … Reliability:

CyberGIS Communities Science and Technology Communities Advanced cyberinfrastructure Climate change impact assessment Emergency management Geographic information science Geography and spatial sciences Geosciences Social sciences... User Communities Biologists Geographers Geoscientists Social scientists General public Broad GIS users …

Framework of CyberGIS Geographic information systems (GIS) Cyberinfrastructure Spatial analysis tool Computational intensity plays a central role in unifying CI, GIS, and spatial analysis in the CyberGIS framework.* * Wang, S., & Liu, Y. (2009). TeraGrid GIScience gateway: bridging cyberinfrastructure and GIScience. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 23(5),

Framework of CyberGIS *

CyberGIS Components

CyberGIS Software Environment CyberGIS gateway A platform of online intensively computing for large number of users. The computation is conducted based on cloud computing, cyberinfrastructure, supercomputers and grid computing techniques.

CyberGIS Software Environment CyberGIS toolkit “A suite of loosely coupled open-source geospatial software components that provide computationally scalable spatial analysis and modeling capabilities enabled by advanced cyberinfrastructure.”* Parallel Agent-Based Modeling – PABM: HPC models: MPI, parallel I/O Contributor: UIUC team Parallel PySAL: Parallel python implementation Contributor: ASU team Parallel map reprojection – pRasterBlaster: HPC models: MPI, parallel I/O Contributor: High-performance mapping group, CEGIS, USGS SpatialText: Full-text geocoding of massive social media and text data Contributor: Kalev Leetaru and UIUC team *

CyberGIS Software Environment CyberGIS toolkit “A suite of loosely coupled open-source geospatial software components that provide computationally scalable spatial analysis and modeling capabilities enabled by advanced cyberinfrastructure.”* *

CyberGIS Software Environment Characteristics of GISolve middleware High-performance and distributed spatial analysis: Domain decomposition Task scheduling algorithms Data and visualization A distributed data management service A data integration service A data exploration service Collaboration support: The process of collaborative problem solving involves human interactions and human–service interactions *

CyberGIS Software Environment GISolve middleware

CyberGIS Performances

Summary Domain decomposition Task scheduling algorithms A distributed data management service A data integration service A data exploration service