Presentation on theme : Halloween Пезентацию подготовил : Показаченко Андрей

Halloween - modern holiday tradition goes back to the ancient Celts of Ireland and Scotland, whose history began in what is now Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Celebrated on October 31 on the eve of All Saints' Day. Halloween is traditionally celebrated in English speaking countries, though the official day off is not. Since the end of XX century, in the course of globalization, the fashion for Halloween paraphernalia appeared in most non- English speaking countries of Europe and in the CIS. Halloween is celebrated informally in some other countries with close cultural ties with the US or the UK, for example, in Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand, in a number of Pacific island countries.

Story Historian Nicholas Rogers, who has studied the origins of Halloween, notes that despite the attempts to link its origin to the ancient Roman holiday parentalia, the prototype of a Halloween probably, originated only with the advent of the Celtic pagan festival of Samhain, the description of which appears in Old-Irish literature from from the X century. The name of the festival comes from the Old Irish word Samhain, meaning "summer's end" and later became the Irish name of the month of November.

According to the Oxford Dictionary of Folklore, Samhain was a holiday at the same time for all the peoples of the British Isles and strongly associated with death and the supernatural. At the same time there is no evidence that in pagan times, the holiday had any particular significance, except for agricultural and seasonal. It is traditionally believed that the perception of Samhain as a dark pagan festival associated with the dead, owes its appearance to Christian monks X-XI centuries, wrote of him after about two centuries after the approval of All Saints' Day, and after about four years after the adoption of Irish Christianity. At the same time as early as the VIII century, Halloween is starting to replace Samhain; thanks to the interpenetration of the Gaelic tradition and Catholic rites begin to form the first rudiments of the future Halloween.

From that moment successive development of the two holidays. Like Samhain, Halloween is traditionally celebrated on the night from October 31 to November 1. In Scotland and Ireland was called Samhain Oidhche Samhna and Oíche Samhna (Scots and Irish, respectively), and the modern media Gaelic still represent Halloween words Oíche / Oidhche Samhna, including the name stored in the Wikipedia in Irish. Until now, in the north of Scotland and Ireland decided to conduct rituals for the dead calm and talk at night on October 31 legends of the ancestors.

Around the XVI century there was a tradition of begging sweets at night on October 31. Children and adults wore cloth masks and went from door to door, demanding that the owners treat and finely Schall. The custom of putting on costumes and role-carry "Jack Light" appeared only in the XIX and XX centuries, and in exchange for money or food originally had to offer different entertainment. Subsequently, because of the mass emigration of Scots and Irish in the United States, Halloween is promoted and there.

Characters Most characters have a long history of the holiday. For example, the tradition of making pumpkins-lamps went on to create custom Celtic lights to help the souls find their way into purgatory. In Scotland, as a symbol of Halloween performed rap, but in North America it quickly replaced the pumpkin as a cheaper and affordable vegetable. For the first time the creation of pumpkins- lamps in America was recorded in 1837; this ritual, held at harvest time, had nothing to do with Halloween until the second half of the XIX century.

Popular Costumes of classic horror films such as The Mummy and Frankenstein's monster. The festive decoration of houses play an important role symbols of autumn, for example, villagers frightened. The main themes of Halloween is death, evil, the occult, and monsters. The traditional colors are black and orange.

The main symbol of the holiday is the so-called jack-o'-lantern. It is a pumpkin, which is carved sinister grinning face; placed inside the pumpkin lighted candles. The first "jack-o'-lantern" appeared in the UK, but was originally used for the manufacture of a turnip or rutabaga. It was believed that this fruit left All Saints' Day around the house, will ward off from him evil spirits. When the tradition of Halloween has spread to the United States, lamps were made of gourds, more accessible and cheap. Вырезанный из турнепса светильник Джека, начало XX века. Музей традиционной жизни, Ирландия jack-o'-lantern

The origins of this custom can be found in the ancient Scottish and British traditions of carving on vegetables persons during various rituals. The modern form of "jack-o'- lantern" acquired approximately in 1837, the same year he got the name. By 1866 he was firmly associated with Halloween. However, in the United States carved pumpkin long before the popularization of Halloween has been used as a symbol of the harvest. By 1900, its use during this holiday gradually came into use.