End Show Slide 1 of 42 Arthropods Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 2 of 42 Trilobite Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 3 of 42 Arthropods 28-1 They are the most diverse and most successful animals of all time. Arthropods include: insects, crabs, crayfish, centipedes, ticks, mites, spiders, and horseshoe crabs ¾ of a million have been identified Have 3 times the number of all other animals combined Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 4 of 42 Arthropods Have: Segmented body Tough exoskeleton made of chitin Chitin made of protein and carbohydrates Jointed appendages; appendages = legs, antennae, claws, wings, mouth parts, tails Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 5 of 42 Complex Organ Systems Respiration Terrestrial arthropods breath through tracheal tubes, which are branching tubes that extend throughout the body. Spiracles are the openings to the tracheal tubes Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 6 of 42 Book lungs- organs that have layers of respiratory tissue stacked like pages in a book, open to the spiracles Gills – aquatic arthropods Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 7 of 42 Circulation Open circulatory system Excretion Malpighian tubes – sac-like organs that extract nitrogenous wastes from the blood and add them to the digestive system Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 8 of 42 Response Well developed nervous system Brain with connected nerve cells and ganglia Complex sense organs Movement Well developed muscle groups and nerve connections Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 9 of 42 Reproduction Terrestrial = internal fertilization Aquatic = internal and external fertilization Growth and Development Molt when the outgrow their skeleton Molting controlled by the endocrine system; hormones Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 10 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 Groups of Arthropods

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 11 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Arthropods are classified based on the number and structure of their body segments and appendages—particularly their mouthparts. The three major groups of arthropods are: crustaceans spiders and their relatives insects and their relatives

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 12 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Crustaceans Crustaceans are primarily aquatic. This subphylum includes crabs, shrimps, lobsters, crayfishes, and barnacles.

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 13 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Crustaceans Crustaceans typically have two pairs of antennae, two or three body sections, and chewing mouthparts called mandibles. Cephalothorax - fusion of head and thorax (chest)… Abdomen - is the posterior part of the body… Abdomen Mandible Second antenna First antenna Cephalothorax

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 14 of 42 Carapace – part of exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 15 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Crustaceans In a crustacean, the first two pairs of appendages are antennae. They may have sensory hairs as in the crayfish or be used for filter feeding or swimming. First antenna Second antenna

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 16 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Crustaceans The third pair of appendages are the mandibles. A mandible is a mouthpart adapted for biting and grinding food. Mandible

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 17 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Crustaceans Decapods (crayfishes, lobsters, and crabs) have five pairs of legs. In crayfishes, the first pair of legs, called chelipeds, have large claws that catch, pick up, crush, and cut food. Cheliped Walking legs

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 18 of 42 After the chelipeds, are 4 pair of walking legs. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 19 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Crustaceans Along the abdomen are several pairs of swimmerets, which are flipperlike appendages used for swimming. Swimmerets

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 20 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Crustaceans The final abdominal segment is fused with a pair of paddlelike appendages to form a large, flat tail. When the abdominal muscles contract, the tail snaps beneath its body. This pushes the animal backward. Tail

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 21 of 42 Barnacles are another group of Crustaceans. They are sessile, which means they stay attached to something. They have lost abdominal segments and no longer use mandibles. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 22 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives Spiders and Their Relatives Phylum Chelicerata Horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, and scorpions are chelicerates. Chelicerates lack antennae.

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 23 of 42 Goat Milk Spider Silk topics/sci-fi-supernatural/kapow- superhero-science-spider-silk-gene- goats.htm Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 24 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives Chelicerates have mouthparts called chelicerae and two body sections, and nearly all have four pairs of walking legs. Fanglike chelicera

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 25 of 42 Have cephlothorax and an abdomen. The cephalothorax contains the brain, eyes, mouth and walking legs. Abdomen contains most of the internal organs. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 26 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives Chelicerae contain fangs and are used to stab and paralyze prey. Fanglike chelicera

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 27 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives Pedipalps are longer than the chelicerae and are usually modified to grab prey. Pedipalp

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 28 of 42 Chelicerae (stab) and pedipalps( grab) are appendages. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 29 of 42 They breathe using book gills (horseshoe crab or book lungs (spiders) book lungs Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 30 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives Chelicerates are divided into two main classes. Merostomata includes horseshoe crabs. Arachnida includes spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions.

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 31 of 42 They may not be pretty, but they are useful!! YouTube Clips Horseshoe Crab Spawn Horseshoe Crab Blood Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 32 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives Horseshoe Crabs Horseshoe crabs first appeared more than 500 million years ago and have changed little since that time. Have chelicerae,5 pair of walking legs, and a tail used for moving.

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 33 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives Spiders Spiders capture and feed on animals ranging from other arthropods to small birds.

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 34 of 42 Spiders Have no jaws for chewing and must liquefy food before swallowing… Chelicerae inject venom into their prey. Then, they inject digestive enzymes into the puncture wounds. The enzymes liquefy the prey’s tissues. The food is then pumped into the spider’s stomach. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 35 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives All spiders produce silk. Spiders spin silk into webs, cocoons for eggs, and wrappings for prey. Silk Silk glands

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 36 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives They do this by forcing liquid silk through spinnerets, which are organs that contain silk glands. Spinnerets

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 37 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives Mites and Ticks Mites and ticks are small arachnids that are often parasitic. Their chelicerae and pedipalps are specialized for digging into a host’s tissues and sucking out blood or plant fluids. Mites – chiggers, mange, scabies

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 38 of 42 Mites and Ticks Some mites damage house plants or crops such as cotton. Ticks can transmit bacteria and cause diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 39 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Spiders and Their Relatives Scorpions Scorpions inhabit warm areas around the world. Have pedipalps that are enlarged into claws… Chew their prey using chelicerae.. Have venomous stinger on abdomen used to kill or paralyze prey…

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 40 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Insects and Their Relatives Centipedes, millipedes, and insects are uniramians. Contains more species than all other groups. Uniramians (subphylum) have jaws, one pair of antennae, and unbranched appendages.

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 41 of 42 Centipedes and millipedes have long worm- like bodies composed of many leg-bearing segments. Insects have compact 3 part bodies and most are adapted for flight. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 42 of 42 Centipedes – Class Chilopoda- Have from a few to 100 pairs of legs. Most body segments bear one pair of legs each. Millipedes – Class Diplopoda – Each millipede segment bears two pairs of legs. May produce unpleasant or toxic chemicals. End Section 1 and 2 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 43 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2

End Show Slide 44 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 The two main groups of chelicerates are a.spiders and scorpions. b.horseshoe crabs and spiders. c.horseshoe crabs and arachnids. d.arachnids and insects.

End Show Slide 45 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 Insects are part of the group a.crustaceans. b.uniramians. c.chelicerates. d.diplopods.

End Show Slide 46 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 Most mites and ticks are a.parasites. b.predators. c.herbivores. d.detritovores.

End Show Slide 47 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 Which of the following is NOT a typical crustacean characteristic? a.either two or three body segments b.chewing mouthparts called mandibles c.chelicerae that paralyze prey d.two pairs of antennae

End Show Slide 48 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 Spiders differ from the other arachnids because they have a.two major body segments and six legs. b.three major body segments and eight legs. c.two major body segments and eight legs. d.three major body segments and six legs.

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