Secondary Fiber PPT 110

Secondary Fiber Fibrous material that has been through the manufacturing process and is being recycled as the raw material for another manufacturing product Not mill broke

Recycling/Secondary Fibers

Waste Paper Collect Sort Classify

Prohibitive Materials Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Heat Seal Adhesives Latex Adhesives Wet Strength Papers Magnetic Inks Metallic Inks Plastic Coatings

Prohibitive Materials Wet Strength Coatings Wax Coatings Adhesive Bindings Plastic Bindings Metal Bindings Photographic Papers

Prohibitive Materials Chipboard Cloth Bindings String & Thread Glassine Plastic Inks Fluorescent Inks High Gloss Inks

Prohibitive Materials Labels Parchment Cellophane Carbon Paper Asphalt Paper Film Coarse Groundwood

Contaminant List by Severity Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (Most Severe) Non-Dispersible Adhesives Non-Dispersible Varnish Coatings Electrostatic Inks Chipboard Non-Dispersible Inks Poly Coating Carbon Paper Plastic Wet Strength Papers String Unbleachable Paper Metal (Least Severe) Rating 85 77 74 70 64 62 56 51 48 37 26 21 8

Stickies Contaminants Chemical Composition Resins: Hot Melts: Wet Strength Resins: Latex: Polyvinyl Acetate Polyvinyl Alcohol Polystyrene (foam) Polypropylene Polyethylene Waxes Tar Asphalt Pitch Parez Kymene Melamine Urea SBR Rubber Vinyl Acrylics Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Other Synthetics

Adhesives Contaminants Vegetable/ Animal Adhesive Caesin Adhesive Original Use Envelope Flaps, Sealing of Seams Used on Labels of Beer and Soft Drink Bottles; used with Latex and Resins to Provide Improved Strength and Resistance to Heat, Oil & Water In Mill Processing Difficulty Very Little Very little by itself Due to Solubility in Alkali Combinations of Caesin and Latex/Resins Result in Agglomeration of Unsaponifiable Material During Deinking

Adhesives Contaminants (cont’d) Original Use Used in Pressure-Sensitive and “Seal-Reseal” Bonds; Binding Adhesive in Books and Magazines Used in Sealing of Frozen Food Cartons, Milk Cartons and Bags Sodium Silicate Solution used in Case Sealing In-Mill Processing Difficulty Very Troublesome in Deinking; Causes Specks in Product; Sticks to Wires and Felts and Deposits on Dryers; Can cause Web Breaks Causes Trouble in Deinking; Does Not Reemulsify of saponify in Alkali, Causes Specks in Paper Very few Problems; Either Disintigrated or Screened Out Contaminants Rubber-Based Adhesives Synthetic Resin Adhesives Inorganic Adhesives

Coatings Contaminants Clay Coatings Original Use Added to Give Paper & Smooth Surface Paper or Paperboard Laminates and Coatings Added to give Good Gloss and Grease Resistance; Vapor Proofness, Heat Sealing, Strength, and Special Resistance to Solvents In-Mill Processing Difficulty Disintegrates into Flakes Causing Defects in Final Product Difficult to Disperse in Pulper; Formation of Objectionable Specks or Pellets; Fouls Equipment Causes Difficulty in Deinking Wax Coatings Solvent Coatings (cellulose nitrate, vinyl)

Coatings Contaminants (cont’d) Latex Original Use Used as Binders and Saturants for Paper and Board Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polyamide Resins Applied by Extrusion Method In-Mill Processing Difficulty Difficult to Remove in Some Cases; Detrimental to Pulp Quality Does not Disintegrate During Cooking and Difibering; Detrimental to Pulp Quality Extruded Coatings

Inks Contaminants Contaminants Original Use Newspaper Ink Original Use Used in Uncoated paper Possessing a Rough Surface Used in Book Printing and Limited Circulation Publications Used in Production of Magazines Sections of Newspapers, Catalogs, and Wrappers In-Mill Processing Difficulty Degrades Product Letterpress/Offset Inks Rotogravure

Other Contaminants Contaminants Original Use Wet Strength Polystrene Original Use Paper Treated with Resins Blocks, Beads, etc, Used in Packing In-Mill Processing Difficulty Does not Disperse in Pulper; Causes Spots in Product Difficult to Remove, Sticks to Rolls, Indents Sheet and Causes Pickscouts

Other Contaminants (cont’d) Dense Plastic Chips Plastic Films Original Use From Blister Packs and See-through Packing Laminated to paper or to Tramp Material In-Mill Processing Difficulty Breaks into Small Pieces that are Hard to Remove; Causes “Shiners” in Product Slows Down Pulping Process; Causes Product Defects

Other Contaminants (cont’d) Asphalts Fibers Original Use Coating or Laminated to Paper Vegetable and Synthetic Fibers Used in Rope Tramp Material In-Mill Processing Difficulty Coagulants in Pulping Process; Sticks to Wire; Causes Black Spots in Products Causes Product Defects and Web Breaks Removed in Pulper or Screens Metals

RePulping of Waste Paper Continuous Pulper Ragger Clam Shell Detrasher Disperger/fiberizer/Deflaker

Recycled Fibers

The Process Begins – Waste Paper Bales

Rejects Hylte Museum

Pulper Schematic

Variables of RePulping Stock Temp. High until it affects contamination Increase fluidity Consistency High with circulation

Pulper Conditions Consistency 5% Temperature 50-90oC pH 4.5-12.0 Time 30-150 mins Energy 150-600 kwh/t Bleach None, Hypochlorite, Peroxide, Hydrosulfite

Potential Waste Paper Recovery Rates Potential Recovery Rates (50-57%) (63-70%) (15-30%) (100%) (50%) (37-50%)

Where Used Multi-ply – 75% Building Products – 10% Corrugated Medium Paperboard Building Products – 10% Newsprint et al – 15%

Effect of Repeated Recycling on Strength Properties of Unbleached Kraft Pulp

Effect of Recycling

Recycling Operations Step Principal Contaminant Functions Prepulping - Classification of Paper Sources by Grade - Quality Control of the Grades - Contaminant Removal From Papers Pulping - Wetting of Paper - Conditioning of Fiber - Conditioning of Contaminants - Removal of Large Type Contaminants Secondary Pulping - Wetting of Fiber Bundles - Removal of Medium Size and Heavy Contaminants

Recycling Operations cont’d Step Principal Contaminant Functions Coarse Screening - Removal of Medium Size Particles Coarse Cleaning - Removal of Medium Heavy Contaminants Deinking - Ink Removal - Ash Removal - Small Heavy and Light Particles Removal Screening - Medium and Small Particle Removal

Recycling Operations cont’d Step Principal Contaminant Functions Cleaning: Forward - Small Heavy Particle Removal Reverse - Small Light Particle Removal Color Stripping - Modification of Dyes - Lignin Conditioning - Fiber Conditioning Mechanical - To reduce the Contaminant Particle Size Usually to Below 10 Micron Dispersion - Fiber Conditioning

Recycling Operations cont’d Step Principal Contaminant Functions Chemical Dispersion - To Separate Fibers - To Reduce Contaminants Particle Size, Mainly Ink Particles - Fiber Conditioning Deflaking - To Separate Fiber Bundles - To Separate Particles From Fibers