Chapter 9 Part 5 Pages

Terms tp Know Carrie Chapman Catt Clayton Antitrust Act Federal trade Commission Federal Reserve System Progressive Amendments (16-19)

Woodrow Wilson Democrat Progressive Elected 1912 and 1916 New Freedom Believed that the government had an obligation to protect citizens from abuse and to promote justice and fairness

Background Raised in the South Religious and strict upbringing Lawyer Taught history at Princeton President of Princeton Progressive governor of New Jersey President

Woodrow Wilson

The 4 Progressive Amendments 16 th Income Tax 17 th Direct Election of Senators 18 th Proibition (repealed by #21) 19 th Women’s Suffrage

Wilson wanted to attact The “triple wall of privilege” Trusts Tariffs High Finance

Antitrust Legislation The Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) To help enforce the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 Forbade corporations from owning stock in other corporations to avoid monopolies Protected unions from Antitrust legislation

Antitrust Legislation The Federal Trade Commission Act 1914 Created the Federal Trade Commoission Allowed the FTC to investigate businesses in order to end illegal business practices

The Tariff Protected industry in New England but caused hardship for the South as cotton had no protection but farmers had to pay more for manufactured goods Wilson addressed a joint session of congress and asked for a lower tariff.

A Concern What about the lost tariff revenue? Wilson suggested an income tax amendment to make up the difference Today income taxes are the main source of government revenue

The Underwood-Simmons Tariff A true lower tariff Remember, TR stayed away from the tariff issue believing that it might split the Republican party. Conservative LIKED the tariff Taft asked for a lower tariff but got a higher one-The Payne-Aldrich Tariff

The 16 th Amendment Allowed congress to pass legislation providing for a graduated income tax The wealthier have a higher tax rate than poorer folks

Finance The Federal Reserve System created a Federal Reserve Board. Eo provide for economic and banking stability The Board was given power over the amount of currency in circulation and interest rates. Also regulated banking

The Federal Reserve System Divided the country into districts, each with a Federal Reserve bank Other banks could join the system and used Federal Reserve notes as their currency

Women’s Suffrage Middle class, educated women continue to call for the vote Some states had already been allowing women the vote Carrie Chapman Catt led the NAWSA after the turn of the 20 th century

The Women’s Suffrage Movement Was active on local, state and federal levels Put pressure on Wilson Rallies, parades, women speaking in public

Catt Was a tireless worker and great organizer BUT she insisted that the ladies be ladylike The women got nowhere

New Leaders Lucy Burns Alice Paul New leaders were more radical Learned myuch from English women who had the vote in 1918

New tactics Women chained themselves to the fences surrounding the White House When the police were sent with bolt=cutters they just did it again Then they were arrested Engaged in hunger strikes

Wilson was embarrassed Wilson finally did recommend the suffrage amendment claiming that it was a reward for the work done by women to help win the war (WWI will be discussed later) the 19 th Amendment was ratified in 1920

The Limmits of Progressivism Child Labor laws and a Child Labor Amendment all failed Racism was not addressed although while campaigning, Wilson pledged to treat the races equally and to speak out against lynchings

Wilson’s Promises Were believed by Black leaders and White Liberals Had suppport from the NAACP BUT Wilson continued to promote segregation in government and the military Even opposed a federal anti-lynching law by claiming the states had authority over local criminal activity.