“To infinity and beyond!” -Buzz Lightyear

How Big Is The Universe?  Journey To The Edge of The Universe ~10 min. Journey To The Edge of The Universe

The Universe  Houses all of existence  From Largest to smallest you have: Universe -> galaxy clusters -> galaxies -> stars with planets (solar systems) -> stars (without planets) -> individual planets (like Earth)

Size Representations Galaxy Cluster Individual Galaxy

The Milky Way Galaxy -Where we live

Star Systems and Individual Stars Star with a solar system -the star looks different here because you are zoomed out to see the planets Star (Hubble Telescope) -close ups of individual stars

Brain Break  1. What galaxy do we live in?  2. When galaxies come together what do they form?  3. Do all stars have planets?

Creation of the Universe: The Big Bang Theory - States that the universe was a dense, hot SUPER SIZED ball -A violent explosion occurred flinging material in all directions

Universe Expansion pg. 720  Galaxies move farther and farther apart from each other  Supports the Big Bang Theory  As galaxies move farther apart from each other space is created where it has never existed before  The universe is ACTUALLY GROWING in size  Ex. Balloon

The Big Crunch  Galaxies could stop moving apart  Gravity would pull the galaxies back together  Would create (or recreate) a high-density, high-energy mass again

Will the Big Crunch happen?  -Depends on the average density of the universe  If the density of the universe gets high enough than gravity will pull more strongly and pull all of the galaxies together  If the density stays low than the universe could expand FOREVER

Compare and Contrast Big Bang TheoryBig Crunch

Star Getting Sucked into a Black Hole  watch?v=ou3TukauccM watch?v=ou3TukauccM  watch?v=D7s5X0NcLfc watch?v=D7s5X0NcLfc

Barycentre Barycentre- the point between two objects where they balance each other Example: When the moon orbits Earth both bodies are orbiting a central spot, the barycenter, that lies between the two objects -The same is true for Earth and Sun -Even the solar system has a barycentre

Kepler’s 3 Laws of Motion  1. A planet doesn’t follow a perfect circle around the sun, but an oval called an ellipse  2. Planets follow an imaginary line. The farther away a planet moves from the Sun the slower it moves. The closer a planet is to the Sun the faster it moves  3.The amount of time that it takes an object to orbit the sun is proportional to it’s distance from the sun

Brain Break  What is the force that would cause the Big Crunch?  What spot does Earth and Moon rotate around?  Which planet will take longer to orbit the sun, why?

Motion of the Earth  The Earth moves in several different ways in space  First it moves around the sun in a revolution  Revolution- the motion of a body along a path in space  Earth also moves in a precession  It wobbles like a top as it completes it’s revolution around the Sun  Takes 26

Earth Motion Continued  Earth also moves in a precession  It wobbles like a top as it completes it’s revolution around the Sun  Takes 26, 00 years to complete one precession  -the axis doesn’t change  The direction the North pole faces changes  Therefore, the stars that we can see change  The seasons change slightly  The wobble is very slow

Earth’s Motions  The precession that Earth makes also wobbles  This wobbling of the precession is called nutation  Nutation is a wobble of 1/8 a degree  Occurs over an 18 year period  Is caused by the pull of the moon

Nutation

Universal Movement  Our entire system is spinning and moving towards the bright, giant Vega Star  The Sun, like other stars, is revolving around the galaxy which takes 230 million years  The entire Milky Way Galaxy is spinning towards the Andromeda Galaxy

Brain Break  Draw pictures of the three different movements that Earth makes  1. Revolution  2. Precession  3. Nutation

Movement of the Earth in Space  The earth revolves around the Sun  It takes 365 days  In 24 hours the earth makes one rotation  The Earth tilts on it’s axis that creates the seasons  o o

The Earth and Seasons  Each day the Earth makes one rotation  Takes 24 hours  one day  Earth’s Seasons  Caused by the tilt of the Earth  The tilt is 23.5 degrees  The side of the Earth that receives more sunlight will have longer days and warmer temperatures

Earth’s Seasons Contd  Earth’s seasons have NOTHING to do with the distance from the Sun  Earth’s Seasons Video Earth’s Seasons Video

Earth’s Tides  Tides- daily change in the elevation of the ocean surface  Caused by the gravitational pull on the Earth by the moon  Bay of Fundi, Nova Scotia Bay of Fundi, Nova Scotia  How does it work?  Two forces are at work, gravity and inertia  Case of the Tides Case of the Tides

Earth’s Tides  Gravity- attracts the moon and Earth towards each other  ***Remember the moon is also pulling the ENTIRE EARTH, not just water – causes nutation  Inertia- the tendency for objects to travel in a straight line  This keeps the Earth and the moon from crashing into each other  Inertia and gravity are only balanced at the center of the Earth

Earth’s Tides  The side of Earth that is closer to the moon has MORE gravity than inertia pulling on it  The water, and Earth, are pulled towards the moon creating a bulge of water on EITHER SIDE of Earth  As the Earth rotates and moon orbits the water follows the pull of the moon

Video Explanations of Tides  Earth’s Tides Explained Earth’s Tides Explained  NASA Model of Tides – turn to your neighbor and explain what is happening in the video clip NASA Model of Tides

Brain Break  What causes the tides?  What two forces are responsible for the tides?  Draw a DETAILED picture that explains how the tides are created by the moon on Earth.

Tomorrow we will start watching: Movie Clip