Energy Systems

Energy Energy is the ability to do work Two main forms of energy Kinetic – The energy of motion Kinetic – The energy of motion Potential - The energy that is stored Potential - The energy that is stored

Kinetic Energy Five main types of kinetic energy 1. Mechanical 1. Mechanical 2. Electrical (Electrical Current) 2. Electrical (Electrical Current) 3. Thermal 3. Thermal 4. Electromagnetic 4. Electromagnetic 5. Sound 5. Sound

Kinetic Energy: Mechanical Mechanical Energy: energy associated with motion of everyday objects Example: Wind Moving a Windmill Example: Wind Moving a Windmill

Kinetic Energy: Electrical (current) Electrical Energy: the energy associated with the flow of electrons or electrical current Example: Turning on a light Example: Turning on a light

Kinetic Energy: Thermal Thermal Energy: The energy associated with the movement of particles within matter (heat) When objects are heated, the particles within that object move faster When objects are heated, the particles within that object move faster Example: Boiling water Example: Boiling water

Kinetic Energy: Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Energy: the energy associated with the movement of waves through space and matter Example: Cell phone waves that move from towers to your cell phone Example: Cell phone waves that move from towers to your cell phone

Kinetic Energy: Sound Waves Sound Wave Energy: the energy associated with sound waves Example: Fire alarm Example: Fire alarm

Types of Potential Energy 1) Gravitational 2) Chemical 3) Electrical 4) Nuclear 5) Elastic

Gravitational Energy Potential Energy that depends on an object’s height. Increases as the object is raised to a higher level. Falling objects release energy which can do work Ex. A rock that sits on top of a hill stores gravitational energy

Chemical Energy Chemical energy is the energy stored in the molecular bonds When these bonds are broken, the released energy can do work. Broken bonds often release energy as heat All chemical compounds, including fuels such as coal and gasoline, store energy. This family is using the chemical energy of burning wood to produce thermal (heat) energy for heating marshmallows.

Electrical Energy Electrical energy is the energy associated with static electric charges. Electric charges can exert forces that do work. Ex. Rubbing your head on a balloon Ex. Rubbing your head on a balloon Electrical energy also occurs in nature. The powerful bolts of lightning are produced by electrical energy

Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is the energy stored in atomic nuclei between protons and neutrons Nuclear fission (splitting nuclei apart) is used in a nuclear power to generate electricity and do work Nuclear fusion (when less massive nuclei combine to form a more massive nucleus) The heat and light of the sun are produced by fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei

Potential Energy: Elastic Elastic Energy is the energy of an object that is stretched or compressed Example: Rubber Band Example: Rubber Band

Energy Transformations Energy is constantly changing from one form to another

Energy Transformations Solar Energy Collected by Photovoltaic cells Transforms solar energy into Electrical

Law of Conservation of Energy The Law of the Conservation of Energy States that energy is neither created nor destroyed. States that energy is neither created nor destroyed. When energy is used it does not disappear it simply changes from one form to another. If you start with X amount of energy, you end with X amount…..it NEVER changes A car burns gasoline transforming the chemical energy of the gasoline into mechanical energy to make the car move

Energy Systems Energy systems can be as simple as striking a match Or Or As complex as the planet we live on

Types of Systems 1)Open Energy System Allow energy and matter to move into and out of the system freely. Allow energy and matter to move into and out of the system freely. Example: oceans, human body Example: oceans, human body

Types of Systems 2) Closed Energy Systems Allow energy but not mass to move in and out of the system freely. Allow energy but not mass to move in and out of the system freely. Example: thermos, thermometer Example: thermos, thermometer

Heat Transfer Conduction – energy transferred between molecules in direct contact

Heat Transfer Convection – energy transferred through the circulation of an unevenly heated fluid

Heat Transfer Radiation – energy transferred through electromagnetic waves Example: Getting a sunburn Example: Getting a sunburn