Balloon Communications Kevin Shoemaker Shoemaker Labs, Inc. LCANS09.

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Presentation transcript:

Balloon Communications Kevin Shoemaker Shoemaker Labs, Inc. LCANS09

Communication Options VHF/UHF Line of Sight Shortwave – Digital Modes Meteor Scatter Satellite – Orbcomm, Inmarsat, Hamsat, GEO APRS Store and Forward

Radio Horizon

Path Loss PathLossdB=C20 ∗ logF ∗ R −G1−G2 where, F = Frequency in MHz R = Range in units defined by C G1 = Gain in dB of antenna 1 G2 = Gain in dB of antenna 2 C = for Kilometers for Nautical Miles for Statute Miles for Meters for Feet

Bandwidth Requirements Noise Energy= kTB Telemetry – (Khz) Video – (MHz) Compression helps Conversion Gain

Short Wave Propagation Diurnal Changes Frequency Selection Important Digital Modes mitigate fading Worldwide coverage

Meteor Scatter 30 to 50 MHz operation Best 4-9 A.M. Low Power.5 Second windows max Medium Data Rate Packets

Inmarsat +82 to -82 Degrees Latitude Coverage L Band 2.4 to 64 KBit Data Rates

Inmarsat Equipment L Band Operation +82 to -82 Global Coverage Voice and Data Reasonably Priced

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Automatic Packet Reporting System Global Coverage Low Data Rates Low Cost ISS Installation Multiple AMSAT Operation

APRS Balloons APRS Balloons

APRS 3D views for Balloon tracking

APRS in Space 2001 PCSAT-1 Prototype Comms PCSAT-1 Prototype Comms PCSAT2 on ISS 2006 PCSAT2 on ISS 2007 ANDE 2007 ANDE 2008 RAFT 2008 RAFT APRS space frequency is published as APRS space frequency is published as See live downlink on

Antenna Requirements VHF/UHF/Orbcomm – Monopoles, Omni patterns Inmarsat – Azimuth Tracking Iridium - Omni GEO – Alt/Az Tracking APRS – Omni Shortwave - Omni

Cost vs. Bandwidth Generally speaking, the higher the bandwidth, the higher the cost and complexity. Video rates generally require motion control for long distances Lower data rates simpler and lend themselves to efficient coding schemes, cheaper as a result Lower data rates propagate further