Social and Economic Changes Essential Questions: How do new ideas change the way people live? View Video: The 1960s in America: Crash Course US History #40

Vocabulary Embargo (Restriction-Ban) – A restriction or ban on the sale of a good to another country

Social and Economic Changes Texas began to change from an agricultural to an urban state in the years following World War II.

Social and Economic Changes The population of the state increased dramatically, and construction on the interstate highway system began. President Dwight Eisenhower supported the creation of an interstate highway system that would connect all the states.

Interstate highways follow a specific numbering system, with the major roads having two- digit numbers that are even for east-west routes and odd for north-south routes. Three- digit highways signify loops around cities.

Which industries were helped by the interstate highway system? Which industries were hurt by it?

Social and Economic Changes The highway system boosted the economy and led to the growth of suburbs. However, the growth of suburbs led to problems for the cities as they lost residents and businesses. What social change was connected to the rise of the suburbs?

Social and Economic Changes A severe drought from 1950 to 1957 forced officials, farmers, and industrialists to prepare for the next water crisis by building new reservoirs.

Social and Economic Changes New construction projects, such as new airports in Houston and Dallas-Fort Worth and the HemisFair ’68 in San Antonio, supported Texas’s growing cities.

Social and Economic Changes Farm productivity in Texas increased dramatically in the postwar years, mostly because of an increased use of technology. New technologies and fertilizers increased agricultural productivity and also drove small family farms out of business, as they could not afford the machines, seed varieties, and new farming methods.

Social and Economic Changes Texas ranchers adopted factory methods such as feedlots and poultry houses to become more efficient and increase production of livestock. What might be an advantage of locating feedlots where grain was grown?

Social and Economic Changes The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) placed an embargo on oil shipped to the United States in The embargo caused oil prices to soar and resulted in an energy crisis in the United States.

Gas Lines How do you think people felt having to wait in long lines for gasoline? View Video: Oil Crisis of 1973

Social and Economic Changes NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston played an important part in the space race with the Soviet Union, providing a training facility for astronauts and a headquarters to control and track space missions.

Social and Economic Changes The United States gained a victory in the space race when American Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon in View Video: Neil Armstrong - First Moon Landing 1969

Two astronauts train in NASA’s Manned Spacecraft Center, which was renamed the Johnson Space Center in honor of President Johnson because of his commitment to the space program.

How did Texas play a prominent role in the space race?

The In 1965 the Gemini 5 spacecraft became the eleventh manned American spaceflight. These images show the Gemini 5 spacecraft exhibit at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

View Video: Space Race (Taylor Swift's "Blank Space" parody) (4:50)

Social and Economic Changes Many advances in electronics and medicine were made in Texas during the 1960s and 1970s. Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments invented the integrated silicon circuit, the chip that is at the heart of modern computers. What advantages do transistors and integrated circuits have over vacuum tubes?

Social and Economic Changes Electronic Data Systems, founded by H. Ross Perot, provided data processing systems and services for large companies and was the first to develop automated teller machines (ATMs).

Social and Economic Changes Michael DeBakey and Denton Cooley pioneered methods for performing open-heart surgery. Why were the advances made by DeBakey and Dr. Denton Cooley so important? View video: Dr. Michael DeBakey 2006 History Making Texan Award Honoree (4:27) View video: Dr. Denton Cooley (3:06)

Social and Economic Changes Growth in farming and industry increased the amount of pollution in the water and air. Changes made in Texas decreased the environmental impact of large companies. In the 1960s, the Texas legislature set up the Texas Water Commission and the Air Control Board to work on environmental issues.

Quiz B A 1. President Dwight Eisenhower supported the creation of a(n) _____ that would connect all the states. A. international railroad B. interstate highway system C. central telephone exchange D. Internet 2. The growth of _____ led to problems for the cities as they lost residents and businesses. A. suburbs B. reservoirs C. airports D. construction projects

Quiz B D 3. Texas suffered a severe drought from 1950 to 1957, prompting cities to build new _____. A. aquifers B. reservoirs C. desalination plants D. irrigation channels 4. Farm productivity in Texas increased dramatically in the postwar years, mostly because of an increased use of _____. A.cotton B.migrant workers C.feedlots D.technology

Quiz B D 5. In 1973, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) placed a(n) _____ on oil shipped to the United States, causing a severe energy crisis. A. boycott B. embargo C. strike D. tariff 6. NASA's _____ in Houston played an important part in the space race with the Soviet Union, providing a training facility for astronauts and a headquarters to control and track space missions. A. Central Control B. Kennedy Space Center C. Space Headquarters D. Manned Spacecraft Center

Quiz C A 7. Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments invented the _____, the chip that is at the heart of modern computers. A. transistor B. vacuum tube C. integrated silicon circuit D. central processing unit 8. Electronic Data Systems, founded by _____, provided data processing systems and services for large companies and was the first to develop automated teller machines (ATMs). A. H. Ross Perot B. Michael DeBakey and Denton Cooley C. Edward H. White D. Shannon Walker

Quiz B D 9. _____ pioneered methods for performing open-heart surgery. A. Walter Cunningham B. Michael DeBakey and Denton Cooley C. Benjy Frances Brooks D. M. D. Anderson 10. In the 1960s, the Texas legislature set up the _____ and the Air Control Board to work on environmental issues. A. Environmental Protection Agency B. Chemical Control Board C. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Committee D. Texas Water Commission