Cardiovascular System The Heart

Introduction & Some General Info Heart contains 100,000 km of vessels –60,000 miles Heart pumps 10,000,000 liters of blood in a year –30 times its weight per minute Heart is about the size of your fist Apex points towards your left hip The heart rests on your diaphragm

Anatomy Pericardium surrounds (covers) the heart. Outer pericardium is tough and fibrous –Dense irregular connective tissue –Protects and anchors the heart Inner pericardium is thinner and more delicate –Forms a double layer –The double layer is filled with pericardial fluid –This space is called pericardial cavity –Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium.

Heart Wall Layers Epicardium (Upon) –Visceral layer of the pericardium –On the outside of the heart –Connective tissue layer Myocardium (Heart muscle) –Cardiac muscle/ muscle layer –Bulk of the heart –Involuntary, striated, branched

–Histology Intercalated discs connect the cells They are thickenings in the sarcolemma (plasma membrane) This allows functional units –Ventricles and atria contract at different times

Visceral--organ Parietal--cavity Pleural--thorax Periotoneal--abdomen

4 Heart Chambers Upper chambers are called atria/ atrium –Means entry hall Lower chambers are the ventricles. –Means little bellies Chambers are separated by septa –Interatrial septum— separates right and left atria –Interventricular septum— separates right and left ventrical

The heart (what you need to know) 1.Brachiocephelic artery 2.Left common carotid artery 3.Left subclavian artery 4.Left Atrium 5.Ligamentum arteriosum 6.Pulmonary ateries 7.Pulmonary trunk 8.Bicuspid valve 9.Left ventrical

10. Arotic Valve 11. Apex 12. Descending aorta 13. Inferior vena cava 14. Right ventrical 15. Tricuspid valve 16. Right atrium 17. Pulmonary viens 18. Pulmonary artery

19. Pulmonary valve 21. Superior Vena cava 20. Aorta (aortic arch)

Right side vs Left side Right atrium of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava –Why is blood returning to the heart? Right ventricle pumps blood to ??? –What happens there?

Two Systems Pulmonary –From the heart to the lungs –Back from the lungs Systemic –From the heart through the aorta –To rest of the body

The flow 1. Blood goes in the right atrium (this is deoxygenated blood) 2. Goes through the tricuspid valve (the lub you hear in your heart beat) 3. Goes into the right ventricle 4. Goes through the pulmonary valve 5. Goes through the pulmonary trunk and then the pulmonary arteries 6. Goes to the lungs

7. Goes in the pulmonary veins (now oxygenated blood) 8. Goes to and through the left atrium 9. Goes through the bicuspid valve 10. Goes through the left ventricle 11. Goes through the aortic valve 12. Goes through the aortic and systemic arteries

13. Goes through your body 14. Comes back from your body (unoxygenated and carrying Carbon dioxide) 15. Comes into the superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava Back to step one