How do living things release energy? Cellular Respiration How do living things release energy?

What do the mitochondria do?

Cellular Respiration Overview Definition: Process that breaks down glucose, in the presence of oxygen, to release energy (ATP) Who can do respiration? Occurs in BOTH plant and animal cells (eukaryotes) Breaks down one molecule of glucose to produce 36 ATPs. Clear up: What does, “In the presence of oxygen” mean?

Cellular Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP +  + + Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy ATP

Photosynthesis/Respiration Cycle The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration.

The products of one are the reactants of the other…… Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATPs

They are like “mirror images"

Cellular Respiration Stages Multiple stages where glucose is broken down & used to make ATP Starting point: Where? What? In the cytoplasm Breakdown of glucose

Where on the flow-chart are we?

Step 1: Glycolysis (Glyco-lysis) Location: Cytoplasm Take glucose and break it in half Releases 2 ATPs C C C C C C C C C Glucose Pyruvate C C C Animation

Cytoplasm

Glyco-lysis Ancient Process - all organisms from simple bacteria to humans perform it the same way What is produced? Yields 2 ATP per 1 glucose molecule

Step 2: Which path to take? Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Aerobic Respiration (Cellular Respiration) Use acoustic and anacoustic to introduce the “an” prefix.

Which path to take? Cytoplasm

What if no oxygen is present? Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Oxygen

Where on the flow-chart are we?

Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic = “not in air”= No O2 required When no oxygen present, Step 2 is called fermentation Images: Bog: https://www.google.com/search?q=bog&hl=en&prmd=imvnsl&source=lnms&tbm=isch&ei=17vJTui1Fofy0gH7g43uDw&sa=X&oi=mode_link&ct=mode&cd=2&ved=0CBQQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=601 Sewer Treatment Image: https://www.google.com/search?q=bog&hl=en&prmd=imvnsl&source=lnms&tbm=isch&ei=17vJTui1Fofy0gH7g43uDw&sa=X&oi=mode_link&ct=mode&cd=2&ved=0CBQQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=601#hl=en&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=sewage+treatment+plant&pbx=1&oq=sewage+treat&aq=0&aqi=g10&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=44814l47150l0l48928l12l11l0l3l3l0l204l966l5.1.2l8l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=5899602fdf1bdb69&biw=1366&bih=601 Example: Some organisms live in environments with little or no oxygen (Marshes, bogs, gut of animals, sewage treatment ponds)

Anaerobic Respiration = Fermentation Makes no more ATP When O2 is not available Alcoholic Fermentation: What can do this? Makes alcohol and CO2 as a byproduct single cell fungi (yeast) and some bacteria

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: Fermentation cont. Lactic Acid Fermentation: Who can do this? Makes Lactic Acid Humans/Muscle cells

Review Anaerobic Respiration Where is this happening? What does Alcoholic Fermentation produce, & by what? What does Lactic Acid Fermentation Produce & by what? Cytoplasm Ethanol, by yeast Lactic Acid, by muscles

What if oxygen is present? Aerobic Respiration (Cellular Respiration) Section 9-2: The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport “Respiration” is a synonym for what?

Aerobic Cellular Respiration What? Where? Stage 2: Stage 3: Oxygen required 2 more stages of reactions occur after glycolysis when oxygen is present in the mitochondria Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

Where on the flow-chart are we?

Krebs Cycle

Stage 2: Krebs Cycle Completes the breakdown of sugar Yield: 2 ATP Animation Completes the breakdown of sugar and CO2 is released. ATP Yield: 2

Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain

Where on the flow-chart are we?

Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain Animation Electrons from the Krebs cycle travel through proteins. Makes 32 ATP

Add it all up. How many ATP molecules come out of 1 glucose molecule from cellular respiration? Total:

Aerobic Respiration is efficient! Energy Total 2 ATP for anaerobic in glycolysis versus aerobic respiration: Glycolysis ATP Krebs Cycle ATP Electron Transport ATP Chain ATP 2 2 32 36 Aerobic Respiration is efficient!

What do cells use the ATP for ? Cellular Activities: Active Transport, Movement, Reproduction, Synthesis of Organic Compounds, Responses to chemical signals

What is the relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration? The raw materials for cellular respiration are the products from photosynthesis. The raw materials for photosynthesis are the products from cellular respiration. Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water Water + Carbon Dioxide  Glucose + Oxygen

Exit Slip Write the equation for respiration. Which type of fermentation results in sore muscles after running? List the 3 steps of cellular respiration and how many ATPs form from each. Aerobic respiration -> total ATPs

Do Now Summary: (on page 3) Use word bank to complete #1-5

Energy & Exercise Why? How? Example: Sprint: (~90 seconds) ATP available for few seconds of energy, then ____________________ will generate ATP Why? How? lactic acid fermentation Less oxygen in your blood stream so fermentation occurs NAD+ generated from lactic acid fermentation gets recycled in glycolysis, where 2 ATP molecules are produced

Energy & Exercise cont. Long Distance/Time: (over 90 seconds) ________________ is the only way to generate a continuous supply of ATP. Cellular respiration Body stores energy in muscle and other tissues as glycogen (carbohydrate) Good for 15-20 minutes of exercise. After 20 minutes, body starts to break down other stored molecules (fats) energy.

Why do your muscles ache after exercise? The fermentation process produced __________in your muscles. How do you get rid of that lactic acid? Video Clip lactic acid Breathe heavy (A chemical pathway that requires extra oxygen).

What happens to the rest of the energy in glucose? Cell respiration can remove 38% of the energy stored in glucose. What happens to the other 62% of energy? Video Clip Image

How does exercise affect cellular respiration?

How does exercise affect cellular respiration? Trial Before After

What is the relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration? Complementary processes for recycling carbon dioxide and oxygen in ecosystems. The raw materials from one are the products of the other, and vice versa.

What is the relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration? The raw materials for cellular respiration are the products from photosynthesis. The raw materials for photosynthesis are the products from cellular respiration. Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water Water + Carbon Dioxide  Glucose + Oxygen

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